食源性抗生素耐药菌的污染现状、传播扩散及健康风险研究进展

摘要：抗生素的过度使用加剧了环境耐药菌的产生，给人类健康造成潜在风险。在食品链多个环节过度使用或滥用抗生 素，造成肉制品、水产品和水果蔬菜等多种食品中细菌耐药性逐年增强。携带耐药质粒的耐药菌通过“农场到餐桌”转移、定 植在人体肠道，引起人体肠道菌群变化和免疫功能改变。食品的全球化贸易进一步加剧了细菌耐药性的全球性传播。本文综述 了食源性耐药菌污染现状、传播途径和人体健康风险。同时，结合国内外研究现状，对食品环境中抗生素耐药菌的研究重点进 行展望。

Progress on the contamination status,dissemination, and health risks of foodborne antibiotic resistant bacteria

Abstract The abuse of antibiotics has aggravated the pollution of antibiotic resistant bacteria, posing a potential hazard to human health. Antibiotics have been widely used in many parts of the food chain, which resulted in the increase of antibiotic resistance in meat foods, aquatic foods, fruits, and vegetables. These antibiotic resistant bacteria with resistant plasmid are transferred and colonized in the human gut through 'farm-to-fork', causing changes in the human gut flora and immune functions. The global trade of food has further intensified the antibiotic resistance bacteria transfer and dissemination among the microorganisms. This paper introduced the current status of food-borne drug-resistant bacteria contamination, the transmission routes of antibiotic resistance, and human health risks. In addition, some countermeasures and prospects for the research on antibiotic resistant bacteria in food are reviewed.