不同地域间老年人抑郁现状及影响因素分析

目的了解不同地域老年人抑郁情况及影响因素。方法选取2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查中60岁及以上人群,采用单因素与多因素分析等方法进行抑郁检出情况及影响因素分析。结果老年人抑郁总体检出率为40.17%,西部(46.76%)、中部(40.73%)、东部(32.98%)。结果显示健康状况差(OR=4.379,95%CI:3.655~5.245)、失能(OR=2.150,95%CI:1.909~2.421)、女性(OR=1.585,95%CI:1.417~1.771)等与老年人抑郁有关,也是地域间共有影响因素。患慢性病(OR=1.362,95%CI:1.115~1.662)是东部影响因素;非婚状态(OR=1.314,95%CI:1.058~1.630)、有社交活动(OR=0.787,95%CI:0.654~0.945)是中部影响因素;初中及以上教育程度(OR=0.699,95%CI:0.521~0.936)是西部影响因素。结论我国老年人抑郁检出率较高,且不同地域间抑郁影响因素存在差异,制定心理健康干预策略时要注重地域中各具特色的因素。

Status quo and influencing factors of depression among the elderly from different regions

Objective To investigate the status of depression and its influencing factors among the elderly from different regions.Methods We selected the elderly aged 60 and above in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018, and analyzed the detection of depression and its influencing factors by using single-factor and multi-factor analyses. Results The overall detection rate of depression in the elderly was 40.17%. The detection rates of depression in the west, central and east regions were 46.76%, 40.73% and 32.98%, respectively. The results showed that poor health (OR=4.379, 95%CI:3.655-5.245), disability (OR=2.150, 95%CI:1.909-2.421), female (OR=1.585, 95%CI:1.417-1.771) and other factors were related to senior citizens’ depression, and they were also common influencing factors among the regions. Suffering from chronic disease (OR=1.362, 95%CI:1.115-1.662) was the influencing factor in the east region. Non-married status (OR=1.314, 95%CI:1.058-1.630) and participating in social activities (OR=0.787, 95%CI:0.654-0.945) were the influencing factors in the central region. The education level of junior middle school and above (OR=0.699, 95%CI:0.521-0.936) was the influencing factor in the west region. Conclusion The detection rate of depression in the elderly in China is high, and there are differences in the factors influencing depression among different regions. We should formulate mental health intervention strategies based on the unique factors in different regions.