低剂量电离辐射致眼晶状体混浊机制及遗传易感性研究现状

眼晶状体被认为是体内最具辐射敏感性的组织之一。0.5 Gy及更高的辐射剂量会诱发放射性白内障,但研究表明长期低剂量的辐射暴露也会增加眼晶状体混浊风险。目前关于低剂量电离辐射诱导眼晶状体混浊发生的具体生物学机制仍不明确,许多相互竞争的机制链可能独立或共同导致混浊的发生,如眼晶状体上皮细胞基因组损伤、氧化应激、细胞间通讯破坏和炎性反应等,遗传和表观遗传因素也可在其中发挥作用。本文旨在对低剂量电离辐射诱发眼晶状体混浊发生机制,及个体易感性在其发生和发展中的作用进行综述,以期对该病的预防和控制提供科学参考。

A research review of mechanism and genetic susceptibility of lens opacity induced by low-dose ionizing radiation

The lens of the eye has been recognized as one of the most radiosensitive tissues. It has been known that a radiation dose of 0.5 Gy or higher can induce radiation cataract. Studies have also demonstrated that long-term exposure to low-dose radiation can increase the risk of lens opacity. However, the specific biologic mechanism of lens opacity induced by low-dose ionizing radiation is still unclear. Many mechanism chains may induce opacity independently or jointly, such as genomic damage in lens epithelial cells, oxidative stress, defects in intercellular communication, and inflammatory reaction, and genetic and epigenetic factors may also play a role. This paper briefly reviews the mechanisms of low-dose ionizing radiation inducing lens opacity as well as the role of genetic susceptibility in its development and progression, in order to provide a scientific reference for the prevention and control of this disease.