进藏列车乘务人员职业心理健康状况分析

目的为了了解进藏列车乘务人员心理健康状况，为制定有针对性的心理干预措施，提高高原列车乘务人员心理健康水平提供依据。方法采用SCL-90症状自测量表对现在广藏线工作的全部177名列车员和沪海车队全部176名列车员（作对照组）进行调查，调查其心理健康状况，并与中国正常人常模及对照组进行比较分析。结果共调查177名进藏列车员，总均分为146．05±52．43，平均阳性项目数为34．17±21．90，心理异常检出率为38．5％（45／177）。调查组的躯体化、强迫、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性、敌对因子得分均高于中国正常人常模（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。除人际关系敏感因子外，调查组的各因子得分及总分均高于对照组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），心理异常检出率也高于对照组（13．1％，23／176）（P〈0．01）。初上广藏列车工作的乘务人员（〈3个月）的躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性、睡眠及饮食等因子得分及总分均高于上广藏列车时长3～12个月与〉12个月的2个组（P〈0．05），其恐怖因子的得分高于上广藏列车时长〉12个月的人员（P〈0．05）。结论进藏列车乘务人员存在一定程度的心理健康问题，特别是初上线阶段。提示在今后对进藏乘务人员除了重视身体健康外，必须针对心理健康问题，开展干预和促进，提高应激因素的承受能力，保持其良好的心态。

Survey of professional psychology of crew working on Guangzhou-Tibet train

Objective The purpose of this paper is to explore the mental health status and its＇ influencing factors of the Guangzhou-Tibet train crew, and then provide a basis for implementation of psychological intervention measures to improve the mental health level of the plateau train crew. Methods The Symptom Check List 90 （SCL- 90） was applied to smwey the psychological status on 177 train crew working on Tibet train, and 176 train crew working on Shanghai-Hainan train as control. Results The total average score of the 177 Tibet train crew was 146. 05 ± 52. 43, the mean score of positive item was 34. 17 ±21.90, and the rate of abnormal psychology was 38.5%. The scores of the somatization, compulsion, anxiety, phobia, psychoticism, and hostility were significant higher than norms of Chinese （ P 〈 0. 01 or P 〈0. 05）. Except for the interpersonal sensitivity item, all other items and total average score were significant higher than the control group （ P 〈 0. 01 or P 〈 0. 05 ）. The crew who had worked on Guangzhou-Tibet train less than 3 months were more seriously on somatization, compulsion, melancholy, anxiety, psychoticism, diet and sleep, and total average score was higher than other two age groups who had worked on Tibet train more than 3 months （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Meanwhile, the score of phobia was significant higher than the group who had worked on Tibet train more than 12 moths （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The crew working on Tibet＇ s train existed certain degree of mental health problems, especially for those who started to work on Tibet train soon.