2004-2005年广东省居民伤害死亡模式研究

目的了解广东省2004-2005年居民伤害死亡模式，为伤害预防控制提供基础信息。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取广东省12个市县作为调查点，调查对象为2004-2005年调查点户籍人口中的所有伤害死亡病例。使用伤害死亡率描述不同类别伤害的死亡水平，估计伤害导致的平均潜在寿命损失年，以及伤害死亡、寿命损失和潜在工作寿命损失占总死亡的比例。结果2004-2005年12个调查点共有7721例伤害死亡病例，其中男性4950例，女性2771例，城市1795例，农村5926例。全人群伤害死亡率为50．8／10万（标化率为47．8／10万），其中农村为55．2／10万（标化率为52．7／10万），城市为40．0／10万（标化率为37．9／10万）；男性伤害死亡率（64．0／10万，标化率为61．6／10万）高于女性（37．0／10万，标化率为33．5／10万）（P〈0．01）。伤害是居民死亡的第4位原因，占全部死亡的7．7％（7721，，99919）；无论城乡、男女，5～39岁人群伤害死亡占总死亡的比例最高，伤害是该年龄组的第1位死因。有意伤害和无意伤害死亡的比例分别为20．0％（1544／7721）和78．6％（6072／7721），农村15～59岁女性有意伤害死亡的比例最高，达到31．9％（408／1280）。死亡率位于前5位的伤害分别是交通伤害（21．3／10万）、自杀（8．8／10万）、意外跌倒（6．5／10万）、意外溺水（5．6／10万）、意外中毒（2．6／10万）；0—14岁人群导致死亡的主要伤害是意外溺水占伤害死亡的54．7％（350／640），15—59岁人群导致死亡的伤害主要是意外交通事故占伤害死亡的51．3％（2308／4506），60岁及以上老年人导致死亡的伤害主要是意外交通事故、意外跌倒、自杀，分别占伤害死亡的31．0％（796／2576）、28．7％（746／2576）、21．2％（545／2576）。全省每年伤害死亡导致的潜在寿命损失年（YPLL）估计为116万人年，占全死因YPLL的35．6％，去除伤害死因后，期望寿命将增加1．28岁。结论交通伤害是广东省人群伤害的首位死因，伤害造成的社会经济损失较严重。必须加强广东省居民伤害的预防和控制。

Pattern of injury deaths among residents in Guangdong Province, 2004-2005

Objective To explore the pattern of injury deaths in Guangdong Province in 2004- 2005. Methods Twelve counties and cities were selected as survey points by stratified randomized cluster sampling. All the domicile injury deaths of survey points in 2004-2005 were enrolled as the study objects. Data on mortality level and causes of injuries, together with years of potential life lost （YPLL） of injuries and proportion of YPLL of total death, were calculated. Results A total of 7 721 deaths of injury were investigated in 2004-2005 ,including 4 950 males, 2 771 females, 1 795 urban residents and 5 926 rural residents. The average injury death rate was 50. 8 /100 000 （ standardized rate 47.8/100 000 ）. Injury death rates were 55.2/100 000 （ standardized rate 52. 7/100 000） in rural area and 40. 0/100 000 （ standardized rate 37.9/100 000） in urban area; injury death rate for male （64.0/100 000, standardized rate 61.6/100 000） was higher than that for female （37. 0/100 000, standardized rate 33.5/100 000） （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Injury was the fourth leading cause of deaths in Guangdong, accounting for 7.7% （7 721/99 919） of all deaths. The largest proportion of all causes of deaths was fatal injury in 5 - 39 age group persons for both male and female in urban and rural areas, and injury has become the first leading cause of deaths in this age group. The proportion of intentional injury was 20. 0% （ 1 544/7 721 ） while unintentional injury composed of 78.6% （6 072/7 721 ）of all cases; the cause ranking of injury deaths were traffic injury （21.3/100 000） , suicide （8.8/100 000） , accidental fall （6.5/100 000） , drowning （5.6/100 000） , and poisoning （2. 6/100 000） ; the largest proportions of fatal injury in 0 - 14 and 15 -59 age groups were drowning and traffic injury, which accounted for 54.7% （ 350/640 ） and 51.3% （ 2 308/4 506 ） respectively; traffic injury, fall and suicide were the major causes of fatal injury in i〉60 age group, accounting for 31.0% （796/2 576）, 28.7% （746/2 576）, and 21.2% （545/2 576）, respectively. YPLL in injury was 1 160 000 person years, accounting for 35.6% of all causes of deaths. Life expectancy would increase 1.28 years of age when removing the cause of fatal injury. Conclusion Traffic accident was the primary cause of injury deaths in Guangdong. The disease burden of injury was heavy and the death of injury caused great economic losses. It is necessary and profound to strengthen the prevention and control of injury in Guangdong.