职业性噪声性聋发病工龄的调查分析

目的了解职业性噪声暴露人员的听力状况及其剂量-效应关系,为修订国家职业性噪声性聋诊断标准提供数据支持。方法选择8小时等效连续噪声暴露人员,运用横断面调查的方法,由经过培训合格的调查人员进行问卷调查和纯音听力检查。结果排除非噪声性听力损失的影响,有效调查1001人,高频听力损失检出率为65.1%(651/1001),显著高于语频听力损失检出率(3.0%,30/1001)。言语频率平均听力损失≥26dB的阳性检出率在工龄<10年组为0.0%;高频及语频听力损失率在10年及以上各工龄组间差异无统计学意义。结论10年以下噪声暴露基本不会影响作业人员的言语频率听力;在诊断是否"职业性噪声性聋"或"听力损伤"时应考虑剂量-效应关系;建议职业性噪声性聋诊断标准中增加噪声作业工龄≥5年的要求。

The Analysis of Results of Length of Service in Noise-induced Hearing Loss

Objective This paper is to study various factors in association with noise induced hearing loss,such as employment time and daily exposure dosage,in order to collect adequate information for the revision of the rules of the occupational hearing conservation.Methods A cross-section study was used to investigate workers exposed in continuous noise for eight hours.Questionnaire and pure tone tests were carried out by the staff who received special training.Results 1001 workers received the examinations and 65.1%(654/1001) were found to have high frequency hearing loss,higher than that of the speech frequency(3.0%).No hearing shifts at speech frequencies of 26 dB HL were found for those working within 10 years;there was no significant difference between the groups who had high frequency or speech frequency hearing loss in more than 10 years of employment.Conclusion Workers exposed in continuous noise within 10 years have no speech frequency hearing loss.Exposure to continuous noise for more than 5 years should be added to the diagnostic criteria of the occupational noise-induced deafness.