基于16S rDNA测序分析功能性便秘婴幼儿的肠道菌群组成

目的：探讨16S rDNA测序分析功能性便秘婴幼儿肠道菌群的结构与组成，为临床治疗提供依据。方法：选取2020 年1月至12 月湖州市妇幼保健院门诊就诊的功能性便秘婴幼儿17 例作为便秘组，正常婴幼儿15例作为对照组，收集粪便，采用16S rDNA扩增子测序的方法检测2组婴幼儿肠道菌群的组成并分析其结果。结果：2组肠道菌群Alpha多样性差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05），但Beta多样性差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.01）。在门水平中放线菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门是2组儿童肠道微生物群落中最丰富的菌群，其中疣微菌门在便秘组中丰度高于对照组（P ＜0.05）。在属水平中，双歧杆菌为2组优势菌种，乳酸菌属与阿克曼菌属在便秘儿童肠道中的丰度高于对照组（P ＜0.05）。便秘组中双歧杆菌种、疣微菌门、阿克曼菌属、副干酪乳杆菌的丰度差异有统计学意义，而对照组齿双歧杆菌、放线菌目、放线菌科、放线菌属、鼠李糖乳杆菌的丰度差异有统计学意义（均P ＜0.05）。结论：功能性便秘婴幼儿存在肠道菌群结构和多样性的改变，便秘与肠道菌群之间可能存在相关性。

The composition of intestinal flora in infants with functional constipation: an analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing

Objective: To explore the structure and composition of intestinal flora in infants with functional constipation by 16S rDNA sequencing and provide evidence for clinical treatment. Methods: From January to December 2020, 17 infants with functional constipation treated in Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital were selected as the observation group, and 15 normal infants were assigned as the control group. With feces collected from the two groups, the 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing method was used to detect the intestinal bacteria to analyze the composition and compare the results. Results: There was no significant difference in the Alpha diversity of intestinal flora between the two groups (P>0.05), but there was significant difference in the Beta diversity (P<0.01). At the phylum level, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the most abundant flora in the intestinal microbial communities of the two groups of children. Among them, the abundance of Verrucomicrobia in the constipation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). At the genus level,Bifidobacterium was the dominant species in the two groups, and the abundance of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia in the intestinal tract of children with constipation was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The abundance of Bifidobacterium species, Microflora verrucosa, Achmania and Lactobacillus paracasei in the constipation group was statistically different, while that of Bifidobacterium dentatum, Actinomyces, Actinomycetidae,Actinomycetes and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the control group was statistically different (P<0.05). Conclusion:There are changes in the structure and diversity of intestinal flora in children with functional constipation, There may be a correlation between constipation and intestinal flora.