延安市宝塔区学龄期儿童哮喘患病率及危险因素分析

目的 调查延安市宝塔区学龄期儿童哮喘患病率及相关危险因素等情况,为延安市学龄期儿童哮喘的防治提供科学依据。方法 以延安市宝塔区居住1年以上的6~14岁儿童为调查对象,采用分层整群抽样方法,按照东、西、南、北、中5个方位随机选取1所小学或中学的1~8年级学生,共计约9 000人。通过发放并指导填写2010年全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查协作组制定的全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查问卷表的方式来筛选哮喘患儿。对上述筛选出的哮喘儿童采用病例对照研究及Logistic回归分析方法对哮喘儿童危险因素进行分析。结果 延安市宝塔区学龄期儿童哮喘患病率为1.61%,其中女童患病率1.17%,男童患病率2.02%,男女性别差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。过敏性鼻炎、个人药物过敏、有抗生素治疗史、天花板/墙壁/地板有霉斑、孩子出生前后家中有人吸烟是儿童哮喘的危险因素;顺产是儿童哮喘的保护性因素。结论 延安市宝塔区学龄期儿童哮喘患病率较全国水平低;接触过敏原、霉斑环境、烟草烟雾环境及滥用抗生素能够增加哮喘的发生,顺产能够降低哮喘的发生。

Prevalence and risk factors of asthma in school-age children in Baota District of Yan'an City

Objective To investigate the prevalence of asthma and related risk factors in school-age children in Baota District of Yan'an City, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of school-age children's asthma in Yan'an City. Methods Taking the children aged 6~14 who have lived in Baota District of Yan'an City for more than one year as the survey objects, using the stratified cluster sampling method, according to the five directions of east, west, south, north and middle, a total of about 9 000 students were randomly selected from Years 1 to 8 coming from a primary or secondary school. Children with asthma were screened by distributing and instructing to fill in the National Childhood Asthma Epidemiological Survey Questionnaire developed by the National Childhood Asthma Epidemiological Survey Collaborative Group in 2010. A case-control study and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of asthmatic children in the selected asthmatic children. Results The prevalence rate of asthma among school-age children in Baota District of Yan'an City was 1.61%, among which the prevalence rate of girls was 1.17%, and the prevalence rate of boys was 2.02%. The gender difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Allergic rhinitis, personal drug allergy, history of antibiotic treatment, mildew on ceiling/wall/floor, and smoking in the home before and after birth are risk factors for childhood asthma; vaginal delivery is a protective factor for childhood asthma. Conclusion The prevalence of asthma among school-aged children in Baota District of Yan'an City is lower than the national level; exposure to allergens, mildew environment, tobacco smoke environment and abuse of antibiotics can increase the incidence of asthma, while vaginal delivery can reduce the incidence of asthma.