Institutional (local) diagnostic reference levels in fluoroscopically guided spine surgery |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece;2. Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece;1. Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA;3. Acoustic MedSystems Inc., Savoy, USA;4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA;1. First Surgical Clinic, General Hospital “G. Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Department of Vascular Surgery, “Democritus” Medical School, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece;3. Laboratory of Radiology, Euromedic, Thessaloniki, Greece;4. 2nd Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital “G. Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, Greece;5. Department of Cardioanesthesiology, General Hospital “G. Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, Greece |
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| Abstract: | In this study, institutional (local) diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) and action levels (ALs) for spine interventional procedures are reported. Fluoroscopy time (FT), kerma area product (KAP), cumulative dose (CD), as well as anatomical, clinical and technical factors affecting procedure complexity were recorded for 156 patients who underwent cervical and thoraco-lumbar interventions. Patient entrance surface dose (ESD), effective dose (ED), thyroid absorbed dose and gonadal dose were also estimated, based on KAP measurements. The LDRLs and ALs were calculated as the 75th and 10th percentile of FT, KAP and CD values for the total group of patients, as well as utilizing the weight banding method and the size correction method. For the total distribution of patients, the LDRLs for cervical and thoraco-lumbar interventions are 0.15 min and 0.29 min for FT values, 0.10 Gy cm2 and 0.71 Gy cm2 for KAP values, as well as 0.47 mGy and 3.24 mGy for CD values, respectively. The corresponding ALs are 0.03 min and 0.03 min, 0.01 Gy cm2 and 0.07 Gy cm2, as well as 0.05 mGy and 0.33 mGy for FT, KAP and CD values, respectively. The age and treated levels had a significant influence on the reference dose values only for cervical interventions, whereas none of the other included factors showed statistically significant association for both cervical and thoraco-lumbar interventions. The weight banding method resulted to reference values comparable to those obtained for the whole group of patients, while the size correction method resulted to lower values. The mean ESD values were 1.58 mGy (range 0.02–13.58 mGy) for cervical and 23 mGy (range 0.004–390.3 mGy) for thoraco-lumbar interventions. The corresponding mean ED values were 0.012 mSv (range 0.001–0.097 mSv) and 0.124 mSv (range 0.00002–2.11 mSv), respectively. The mean thyroid and gonadal doses were 0.14 mGy (range 0.002–1.12 mGy) and 0.044 mGy (range 0.000003–1.56 mGy), respectively. The LDRLs and ALs reported could contribute in the effort for establishing national DRLs and for increasing neurosurgeons awareness regarding patient dose and radiation protection issues during spine interventional procedures. |
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| Keywords: | Patient dose Spine surgery Diagnostic reference levels Kerma area product Fluoroscopy time Cumulative dose |
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