2014—2016年北京小汤山医院医院感染病原菌的分布和耐药性分析

目的 对2014—2016年北京小汤山医院医院感染病原菌的分布特点及耐药性进行分析,为临床合理用药及预防医院感染提供依据.方法 对2014—2016年北京小汤山医院感染病原菌的分布及耐药性进行回顾性分析.结果 共分离出病原菌2785株,其中革兰阴性菌1816株,占65.21%;革兰阳性菌679株,占24.38%;真菌290株,占10.41%.主要革兰阴性菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、美洛培南、亚胺培南的耐药率均在20.00%以内,对头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、庆大霉素、磺胺甲唑/甲氧苄啶的耐药率均超过50.00%,对氨苄西林的耐药率超过80.00%;革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺均无耐药,对呋喃妥因、米诺环素的耐药率均较低,对头孢他啶、红霉素、磺胺甲唑/甲氧苄啶耐药率均超过50.00%.主要真菌对氟胞嘧啶最敏感,对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均较低.结论 北京小汤山医院医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌最为多见,耐药现象较为严重,加强对医院感染病原学检查及耐药性监测有助于促进临床合理用药.

Analysis on distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital from 2014 to 2016

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital from 2014 to 2016, and to provide the basis for rational drug use and the prevention of hospital infection. Methods The distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital from 2014 to 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Total 2 785 strains of pathogens were isolated, in which Gram-negative bacteria were 1 816 strains (65.21%), Gram-positive bacteria (679 strains) accounted for 24.38%, and fungi (290 strains) accounted for 10.41%. The drug resistance rates of Gram-negative bacteria against cefoperazone/sulbactam, meropenem, and imipenem were less than 20%.The drug resistance rates against ceftazidime, cefepime, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were more than 50.00%, and against ampicillin was more than 80.00%. Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. The drug resistance rates against nitrofurantoin and minocycline were low. And the drug resistance rates of Gram-positive bacteria against ceftazidime, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were more than 50.00%. The main fungi were the most sensitive to flucytosine, and the drug resistance rates against other antimicrobials were low. Conclusion The main pathogens of nosocomial infection is still Gram-negative bacteria in Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, and the drug resistance is more serious. It is helpful to promote the clinical rational drug use to strengthen the pathogenic examination and drug resistance monitoring of hospital infection.