2013-2015年宝鸡市中心医院不同年龄段住院患者病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解宝鸡市中心医院不同年龄段患者的病原菌分布及对常用抗菌药物的耐药性.方法 将宝鸡市中心医院2013年1月—2015年12月病原菌培养阳性的住院患者,按照0~14岁、15~64岁、≥65岁分为3个不同的年龄阶段,对3个年龄段患者病原菌的分布及其耐药情况进行统计与分析.结果 共分离出病原菌4077株,主要来源于呼吸道和尿,其中革兰阳性菌702株,占17.2%,主要为葡萄球菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和肠球菌中的粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌;革兰阴性菌3375株,占82.8%,主要为肠杆菌中的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和非发酵菌中的铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌.大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及肠球菌等多种病原菌对抗菌药物的耐药率随着患者年龄的增长而增高.结论 不同年龄住院患者的病原菌分布及其耐药性有所不同,抗感染治疗时应充分考虑患者的年龄因素,合理使用抗菌药物.

Analysis on bacterial distribution and resistance among inpatients of different ages in Baoji Central Hospital from 2013 to 2015

Objective To investigate the bacterial distribution and resistance among inpatients of different ages in Baoji Central Hospital. Methods The inpatients in Baoji Central Hospital from 2013 to 2015 were divided into three age groups by the age range of 0-14 years old, 14-65 years old, and above 65 years. The bacterial distribution and resistance of inpatients were analyzed retrospectively by three different age groups. Results Total 4 077 strains of pathogens were isolated, and they were isolated from respiratory and urinary. Gram-positive bacteria (702 strains) accounted for 17.2%, and main of them were Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci in Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium in Enterococcus. Gram-negative bacteria were 3 375 strains (82.8%), and main of them were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in nonfermenters. The drug resistance rates of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, S. aureus, and Enterococcus against antibiotics were risen with the growth of age. Conclusion The distribution and resistance of bacteria are different in different age groups. The age factor should be considered in anti-infective treatment, in order to rational use of antibiotics.