紫苏叶挥发油的不同化学型及研究进展

挥发油是紫苏叶中的主要成分,根据其中含有的单萜类或芳香族类成分的主要种类可细分为不同的化学型,中国产紫苏的主要化学型为PA型(主要含紫苏醛和柠檬烯)、PK型(主要成分为紫苏酮)和PP型(以芹菜脑主要成分的PP-a型;以肉豆蔻醚为主要成分的PP-m型;以榄香素为主要成分的PP-e型;以细辛脑为主要成分的PP-as型)。不同化学型之间的转化从生物合成途径来看,一般受单个基因或少数几个基因控制,且其药理作用是有区别的。该文立足于紫苏种下变种及其叶中挥发油化学型分型问题,对挥发油中的主要化学成分、生源合成及调控、药理作用、影响因素等方面进行了梳理和综述,以期为紫苏叶的开发利用及进一步研究提供参考。

Advances in research of volatile oil and its different chemotypes in leaves of Perilla frutescens

The volatile oil is the main component in the leaves of Perilla frutescens. According to the main types of monoterpenoids or aromatic compounds, it can be divided into different chemotypes and the main chemotypes of Chinese producing Perilla are PA type(mainly containing Perilla aldehyde and limonene), PK type(mainly containing perillaketone)and PP type(subdivided as PP-a type, with apiole as its main component; PP-m type, with myristicin as its main component; PP-e type, with elemicin as main component; PP-as type, with asarone as main component). Based on the biosynthetic pathways analysis, we also found that the formation of the particular chemotype is usually controlled by a single gene or a few genes, and different types have different pharmacological effects. In this paper, the classification under the species P. frutescens, main chemotypes of the volatile oil, and their biogenesis and regulation, pharmacological effect and influence factors are summarized and reviewed.