精神分裂症患者的共情缺陷及其影响因素

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者共情缺陷的特点，分析共情能力、临床症状以及社会功能的关联性。方法：以30例首发精神分裂症住院患者(精神分裂症患者组)和30名健康对照者(健康对照组)作为研究对象，采用《人际反应指针量表》（IRI-C）、《阳性和阴性症状评定量表》（PANSS）和《住院精神
病人社会功能评定量表》（SSPI）分别评定患者的共情能力、精神症状和社会功能，比较2组共情能力测量总分和4个分量表得分，患者组共情能力量表总分分别与临床症状评分和社会功能评分进行相关性分析。结果：精神分裂症患者组共情测量总分显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05)；精神分裂症患者组中阴性症状较重的患者共情能力更差，存在更严重的共情缺陷，共情能力与阴性症状评分存在负相关关系（r=－0.572，P<0.01）。精神分裂症患者组
共情能力与社会功能无相关关系（r=0.166，P<0.05）。结论：首发精神分裂症患者存在共情缺陷，患者的阴性症状严重程度对共情能力具有影响，阴性症状越严重共情能力越差。

Empathy deficiency and its influencing factors of patients with schizophrenia

Objective To investigate the features of empathy deficiency of the patients with schizophrenia,and to analyze the relationship between empathy ability,clinical symptoms,and social function.Methods The patients with first-episode schizophrenia(n=30)and the normal controls(n=30)were selected.Interpersonal Reactivity Index-C(IRI-C),Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS),and the Scale of Social Function in Psychosis Inpatients(SSPI)were used to measure the score of empathy,mental symptoms and the social ability;the total score of empathy and the scores of four scales in two groups were compared;the relationships between the empathy ability score and clinical symptom score,social function score in patients group were analyzed.Results The IRI-C score of the patients in schizophrenia patients group was lower than that in normal control group(P<0.05).The schizophrenia patients with higher PANSS negative syndromes had the lower IRI-C score,and serious empathy deficiency;there was negative correlation between empathy ability and PANSS negative syndrome in schizophrenia patients group(r=-0.572,P<0.01);the IRI-C score wasn't correlated with SSPI score(r=0.166,P>0.05)in schizophrenia patients group.Conclusion The first-episode schizophrenia patients have empathy deficiency,which is affected by the negative syndromes.The more severe negative symptoms of the patients are,the worse empathy ability is.