头孢噻甲羧肟对烧伤后肠源性感染的预防作用

采用３０％ＴＢＳＡⅢ度烫伤大鼠模型，分不同时相（伤后３、６和１２ｈ）腹腔注射头孢噻甲羧肟，并通过血液、内脏和肠系膜淋巴结中细菌的定性和定量分析，评价头孢噻甲羧肟对预防烫伤大鼠绿脓杆菌肠源性感染的效果。结果表明，伤后３ｈ和６ｈ开始用药组，肠源性感染的发生率明显下降（分别为Ｐ＜０．００１和Ｐ＜０．０５），而伤后１２ｈ开始用药组则无明显降低（Ｐ＞０．０５），但其肝、肾组织中的菌量也明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时我们还动态观察了烫伤大鼠血液和内脏组织中药物的浓度，结果表明，用药后血、肝和小肠粘膜中能迅速达到有效药浓度，并维持４ｈ以上，但肠系膜淋巴结中未检测到药物。提示：大面积烧伤病人早期，短程使用有针对性的抗生素，对预防肠源性感染可能是有益的。

Prophylactic effect of systemic ceftazidime on bacterial translocation in scalded rats

in this study,we evaluated the prophylactic effect of Ceftazidime on bacterial translocation(BT) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in scalded rat by qualitative and quantitative bacterial cultures of blood,organs and mesenteric lymph nodes(MLN). Ceftazidi-me was administered systemically at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h post injury respectively. The dynamic changes in levels of Ceftazidime in blood and organ tissues were also determined. The results showed that effective levels of Ceftazidime in blood,liver and mucosa of the small intestine were rapidly reached and maintained for more than 4 h,but no drug was found in MLN. The prophylactic effect on BT was significant when systemic administration started at 3 h post injury(P<0. 001)and 6 h post injury(P<0. 05). Although the incidence of BT was unchanged (P>0. 05 )when systemic administration started at 12 h ,the number of organisms present in livers and kidneys,except MLN,was dramatically reduced(P<0. 01) .