支气管哮喘患者死亡原因的回顾性分析

目的　探讨支气管哮喘患者的死亡原因。方法　回顾性分析 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年12月支气管哮喘死亡患者的情况。结果　死亡 2 0例 ,青壮年占 5 5 % ,在转运途中和急诊室死亡90 % ,其中 5 0 %死于转运途中 ,35 %入急诊室后 2 4h内死亡。住院死亡 10 % ,占进行机械通气 (MV)患者的 11 8%。 2例分别经尸检和临床检查证实合并急性肺水肿。老年患者多合并慢性支气管炎和慢性消耗 ,常因院内感染导致多脏器功能衰竭死亡。结论　支气管哮喘急性发作的主要病死原因是猝死和抢救不及时。老年人合并感染和营养不良以及急性肺水肿也是常被忽视的死亡因素。

The retrospective analysis of death causes of asthma patients

Objective To investigate the death causes of asthma patients.Methods The records of patients died of asthma in Zhongshan hospital from Jan 1991 to Dec 2001 were studied retrospectively.Results There were 20 died asthma patients in this periods including 55% were less than 60 yeas old.In all these cases 90% died in the transportation(50%) and emergency room.About 35% patients died less than 24 hours after entering into emergency room.Only 10% patients died after hospitalization in which about 11.8% patients accepted mechanical ventilation.Acute pulmonary edema was certified in two case through autopsy or clinical examinations respectively.Elder asthmatic patients often had chronic bronchitis and malnutrition and died from multiple organ failure secondary to pulmonary infections.Conclusions Sudden death and unsuitable treatment were the main cause of asthma death patients.Malnutrition and pulmonary infection in old patients influenced the prognosis,otherwise,pulmonary edema was a contributing factor occasionally.