选择性肾动脉造影栓塞术在肾脏疾病中的临床应用

目的 探讨选择性插管肾动脉造影栓塞术治疗肾脏疾病的临床应用价值.方法 对74例肾癌、11例症状性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(RAML)、72例肾损伤出血患者采用Seldinger技术,经肾动脉造影明确病变的部位、范围及供血动脉后,将导管插到病变供血分支血管近侧进行栓塞.结果 肾癌术前辅助栓塞后均顺利切除患肾,术中见肾周和肿瘤周围形成明显水肿界限,容易剥离.9例晚期肾癌姑息性治疗后症状缓解.11例症状性RAML在栓塞后6个月,瘤体缩小15%～65%,平均42%.68例肾损伤出血在栓塞后第1～4天出血停止,肉眼血尿消失;2例严重肾碎裂伤,肾周巨大血肿,栓塞后休克得以控制并顺利接受手术;2例栓塞后再发出血,经第2次栓塞后出血停止.本组病例在栓塞后无严重并发症发生.结论 选择性肾动脉造影栓塞术可用于肾癌术前辅助治疗、晚期肾癌姑息性治疗及RAML和肾损伤出血的治疗,具有微创、安全、有效等特点.

Clinical application of selective renal artery embolization in treating kidney diseases

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of selective renal artery embolization (SRAE) for the treatment of kidney diseases. Methods Seventy-four cases of renal carcinomas, 11 cases of renal angiomyolipomas (RAML) and 72 cases of traumatic renal haemorrhages were first demonstrated by renal arteriography under Seldinger technique to ensure a site, range and neighbouring relation of lesions and then followed by percutaneous catheterized selective renal arterial embolization with embolic agents. Results The edema around the carcinomas and abscesses became obvious, and bleeding were reduced, which were convenient for operation after SRAE for the preoperative adjuvant treatment of renal carcinomas. The clinical symptoms were improved obviously in 9 eases with advanced renal carcinoma after palliative treatment. The tumour volumes of 11 RAML were decreased evidently by 15 %-65 % with the average of 42 %. The bleeding in 68 cases of traumatic renal haemorrhage were ceased completely in 1-4 days after embolism, 2 cases with serious renal fragmented injury and huge perirenal hematoma combined with shock received successful operation after SRAE, 2 cases bleeding again after SRAE were cured by the second SRAE. No severe complications occurred after embolization in all the patients. Conclusions As a minimal invasive technique,selective renal artery embolization is a safe, effective method with less complications and an adjuvant pre-op-erative therapy for renal carcinoma or a palliative treatment for advanced carcinoma and an effective treatment for RAML and traumatic renal haemorrhage.