广州市汽车制造企业男性电焊作业工人健康状况调查

目的 了解汽车制造企业接触电焊烟尘工人职业健康状况, 探讨电焊作业工人健康保护措施。
方法 对2015年广州市两家大型汽车制造企业3 740名电焊作业男性工人进行职业健康检查, 对肺通气功能、血压、心电图和肝功能等指标进行统计学分析。
结果 生产车间存在的职业病危害因素包括粉尘(电焊烟尘、铝尘)、锰及其无机化合物、噪声、酸雾或酸酐等。各危害因素浓度均未超过国家规定的职业接触限值。出现肺功能异常的电焊作业工人的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)异常率高于肺功能正常组, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。随着年龄的增长, 血压、空腹血糖、脉率、ALT异常的检出率呈上升趋势, 心电图异常检出率随年龄的增加呈下降趋势, 差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.01或0.05)。肺功能异常在小于25岁年龄段检出率最高, 为11.72%, AST异常检出率在30~34岁年龄段最高, 为4.63%。随着接尘工龄的增长, 血压、空腹血糖、ALT、AST异常的检出率呈上升趋势, 心电图异常检出率呈下降趋势, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。肺功能异常检出率在11~年接尘工龄组检出率最高, 为11.74%。
结论 电焊烟尘、年龄和接尘工龄是可能影响电焊作业工人肺通气功能、心血管系统和消化系统健康的相关因素, 应采取有效的综合预防措施来保障电焊作业工人的职业健康。

Investigation on health status of male welders in Guangzhou automobile manufactories

Objective To observe the adverse effect of welding fume exposure on the welders in two large-scale automobile manufactories. Methods Totally 3 740 male welders in two large-scale automobile manufactories were studied. Their health status in 2015 were analyzed. Results The level of welding fume at their workplaces was lower than the national exposure limit. It showed that 8.80%, 16.8%, 10.3% and 7.8% workers had abnormality of lung ventilation function, electrocardiogram examination, serum ALT and chest digital radiography examination, respectively. The workers less than 25 years old and those with more than 10 working years had the highest rates of dysfunction of lung ventilation, and the workers with lung ventilation dysfunction had a higher level of ALT (P < 0.01). It also showed that the hypertension, blood glucose and ALT abnormity of workers were positively related to the age and exposure time, and the abnormality of electrocardiogram was negatively related to the age and exposure time(P < 0.01 or 0.05). Conclusion Under current exposure level, welding fume may still cause workers'health problem. The comprehensive measures at workplaces should be carried out to protect workers' health.