广州市微波辐射作业人员健康状况调查

目的 了解广州部分企业微波辐射接触对作业人员健康状况的影响。
方法 对2012-2014年9家使用微波辐射仪器装置的参加职业健康检查的工人进行分类, 收集单纯接触微波的511名工人资料, 并与上述企业中没有任何职业危害接触记录的231名员工进行比较。[结果]微波接触组男性341例, 女性170例, 年龄21~52岁, 平均(28.67 ±7.14)岁, 平均接触工龄(9.71 ±4.60)年; 非接触组男性154例, 女性77例, 年龄21~54岁, 平均(29.02 ±5.65)岁。接触组接触强度(0.98~18.20)μW/cm2, 中位数值为7.88 μW/cm2。接触组心电图异常检出率与对照组比较, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);接触组的外周静脉血RBC、Hb均值比对照组低, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
结果 微波接触组的平均接触工龄为9.71年, 接触强度中位数值为7.88μW/cm2; 接触组的心电图异常检出率与对照组比较, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05), 接触组的外周静脉血RBC、Hb均值比对照组低, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
结论 低强度的微波辐射可对机体健康产生影响, 尤其对心脏、外周血的影响不容忽视, 应加强微波辐射安全防护知识宣传, 并采取有效的防护措施。

Investigation on health status of workers occupational exposed to microware radiation in Guangzhou

Objective To observe the adverse effect of occupational microwave exposure on the health status of workers in some enterprises in Guangzhou. Methods The occupational health examination data of workers in 8 pharmaceutical and a rail transit enterprises during 2012-2014 in our hospital was processed. The data of 511 workers merely exposed to microwave radiation and 231 workers without any exposure to known occupational hazards was abstracted and evaluated. Results The age of exposed workers (male 341 and female 170) varied from 21 to 52 with average (28.67 ±7.14)years old, while the exposure time varied from 1 to 37 with average (9.71 ±4.60)years. The age of non-exposed workers (male 154 and female 77) varied from 21 to 54 with average (29.02 ±5.65)years old. The exposed intensity of microwave radiation of these workers varied from 0.98-18.20 μW/cm2(median, 7.88 μW/cm2). The ECG examination showed that the abnormality of exposed workers was significant higher, such as sinus bradycardia or arrhythmia(P < 0.05). The blood examination showed that RBC and Hb level of exposed workers were significant lower(P < 0.05). Conclusion Long term exposure to low intensity microwave radiation maybe affect the health of the occupational workers and more attention should be paid to control and prevention of microwave radiation exposure.