某电子厂接触噪声工人职业紧张与精神卫生状况调查

目的 探讨电子厂接触噪声工人职业紧张和精神卫生状况。
方法 采用麦克林职业紧张问卷和一般健康问卷, 采取整群抽样调查法对某电子厂183名工人进行调查, 回收有效问卷172份, 其中95份问卷来自接触噪声工人, 为接噪组; 77份来自非接噪工人, 为对照组。
结果 噪声岗位噪声声级为85.0~89.5 dB (A)。接噪组工人精神卫生得分异常率为67.3%, 对照组为18.2%。接噪组在职业紧张问卷中的职业紧张程度、应付能力、工作满意感和普通健康问卷中的精神卫生等方面的得分异常率均高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。接噪组精神卫生状况总得分为(28.9 ±3.7)分, 高于对照组的(25.9 ±3.8)分, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示, 工人精神卫生的可能影响因素为是否接触噪声和应付能力的大小(F=10.45, R2=0.362, P < 0.05)。
结论 噪声可致工人职业紧张, 同时引发工人精神卫生方面的负面影响, 应该引起企业充分重视。

Investigation on occupational stress and mental health condition of occupationally noise-exposed workers in an electronic factory

Objective To investigate occupational stress and mental health condition of occupationally noise-exposed workers. Methods Totally 172 workers, including 95 noise-exposed workers and 77 staff in an electronic factory, were surveyed with both Mclean's occupational stress questionnaire and Goldberg's general health questionnaire. Results The noise level at workplaces varied from 85.0 to 89.5 dB(A). The total score of mental health status of the noise-exposed workers was 28.9 ±3.7 with abnormality of 67.3%, while the score of staff was 25.9 ±3.8 with the abnormality of 18.2%. The scores of occupational stress, coping ability and job satisfaction, derived from the Mclean's occupational stress questionnaire, of the noise-exposed workers were also significantly higher than that of the staff in this factory(P < 0.05 or 0.01). The multiple regression analysis showed that mental health status was related to noise exposure and the change of coping ability(F=10.45, R2=0.362, P < 0.05). Conclusion Noise exposure at workplaces could cause workers'occupational stress and subsequent mental health problem. We should pay more attention to such health problem.