养老机构老年人跌倒现状及影响因素分析

目的 探讨昆明市养老机构老年人跌倒现状，并分析其影响因素。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样法，选取昆明市6所养老机构223名老年人，采用自制问卷对老年人进行面对面问卷调查，调查内容包括一般人口社会学特征、生活行为方式、既往病史与用药史、心理状况和跌倒史，分析跌倒现状，单因素和多因素分析跌倒影响因素。结果 223名老年人跌倒发生率为36.8%。年龄70～74岁(OR=3.385)、年龄75～79岁(OR=3.059)、患有关节炎(OR=1.220)、长期服用镇静催眠药(OR=1.049)是老年男性发生跌倒的危险因素，经常参加体育锻炼(OR=2.085)是老年男性发生跌倒的保护性因素，长期服用止痛药(OR=1.446)是老年女性发生跌倒的危险因素。结论 养老机构老年人跌倒发生率较高，应全方面分析老年人情况，进行疾病管理和用药管理，同时鼓励其积极参与体育锻炼加强自身体质健康，从而预防跌倒。

Analysis on the status and influencing factors of fall of the elderly in nursing institutions

Objective To explore the current situation of fall of the elderly in nursing institutions in Kunming City,and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method,223 elderly people in kunming 6 endowment institutions,using self-made questionnaire for old people face to face questionnaire survey,investigation content includes general population sociology characteristics and life behavior,medical history and medication history,psychological status and history of falls,fall in the analysis of the status,the single factor and multiple factors analysis of influence factors.Results The incidence of fall in 223 elderly people was 36.8%.Aged 70~74(OR=3.385),aged 75~79(OR=3.059),suffering from arthritis(OR=1.220),the long-term use of sedative hypnotics(OR=1.049)are kunming endowment institutions occurs in older men fall risk factors,often take part in physical exercise(OR=2.085)are protective factors that falls occur in older men take painkillers for a long time(OR=1.446)are older women fall risk factors.Conclusion The incidence of fall of the elderly in nursing institutions in Kunming is high.The situation of the elderly should be analyzed from all aspects,disease management and medication management should be carried out,and at the same time,they should be encouraged to actively participate in physical exercise to strengthen their physical health,so as to prevent falls.