散发性结直肠癌发病分子机制研究进展

结直肠癌是最常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤之一,其病因和发病机制十分复杂。自1974年Morson提出结直肠腺瘤癌变序贯学说以来,随着现代分子生物学技术的飞速发展,研究者对结直肠癌发病的分子机制进行了深入研究。目前认为,结直肠癌的发生是一个多因素、多步骤、内外因交互作用的结果,且具有鲜明的分子特征,主要包括癌基因的激活、抑癌基因的失活及基因组不稳定现象等。全文主要围绕结直肠癌发病分子机制的最新研究进展作一综述。

Research Progress in Molecular Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer（CRC） is one of the most common digestive system malignancies,and the etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying CRC development appear to be com- plex and heterogeneous. Since Morson first proposed ＂the adenoma-carcinoma sequence＂ in 1974, the pathogenesis of CRC has been extensively studied with the rapid advancement of the molecular biological techniques. The development of CRC is recognized as a multi-factorial,multi-stage pro- cess with intense crosstalk of both genetic and environmental risk factors, and has distinct molecu- lar characteristics, such as activation of oncogenes,loss-of-function of tumor suppressor genes, and genomic instability. In this review,the most up-to-date progresses in the study of molecular patho- genesis of CRC are discussed.