贵州少数民族地区母亲对儿童计划免疫的知信行状况

目的:了解贵州省少数民族地区儿童母亲有关计划免疫的知识、态度、行为(knowledge, attitude and practice, KAP)的现况、存在问题及主要的影响因素,为进一步有针对性地实施干预提供依据.方法:2005年4月在贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州的6个县,利用自行设计的知、信、行问卷对当地591名2岁以下儿童的母亲进行横断面调查.结果:被调查母亲在计划免疫知识、态度和行为上得分较低,且受教育程度、地区经济水平、母亲年龄、家庭总人数和民族等多种因素的影响;当地儿童的预防接种情况较差,在被调查的261名家庭中最小的已满1岁儿童中,乙肝疫苗、卡介苗、麻疹疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破疫苗(简称"五苗")全程合格接种率仅为35.2%,另外还有12.3%的被调查儿童从出生到被调查时没有接种过任何疫苗;被调查母亲获得计划免疫知识途径主要以人际传播为主.结论:当地儿童母亲有关计划免疫的知信行水平较低,考虑其文化水平较低,应在当地大力开展以人际传播为主、结合多种大众媒介传播形式的计划免疫健康教育,尤其要针对某些特定人群进行重点干预.

Status of mother's KAP on child immunization in minority areas, Guizhou Province

Objective:To evaluate the status of mothers' knowledge,attitudes and practices(KAP)and its related factors and provide evidences for further effective implementation on childhood immunization in Guizhou Province.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study,in which 591 mothers of children under 2 years were surveyed with structured questionnaires in six selected counties of Qiandongnan Canton.Results:Mothers' knowledge,attitudes and practices on childhood immunization were at a low level and influenced by educational background,county's economical level,mother's age,household size and ethnic groups.The childhood immunization was also at a low level.Among the 290 youngest children in a household survey,the coverage rate of all five vaccines(including HBV,BCG,OPV,DTP and measles vaccine)was 35.2%,and 12.3% of the surveyed children had never been immunized since birth.The main source of knowledge on immunization was interpersonal communication.Conclusion:Considering mothers' poor KAP status and low education level,health education on immunization should be implemented though interpersonal communication via assistant media,and educating emphases should be laid on some special-charactertics targets.