辛伐他汀对大鼠牙移动后牙周组织中骨形成蛋白2表达的影响

目的 明确全身给予辛伐他汀对大鼠牙齿移动后复发的影响,探讨辛伐他汀促进牙齿稳定的作用机制.方法 选用32只雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分成4组:对照组(0.9%NaCl)、低剂量组(2.5 mg·kg-1 辛伐他汀)、中剂量组(5.0 mg·kg-1 辛伐他汀)、高剂量组(10.0 mg·kg-1辛伐他汀),牵引其上颌第一磨牙向近中移动,持续21 d.实验组在加力装置去除前1 d开始,腹膜下注射辛伐他汀,阴性对照组注射生理盐水,每天1次,连续4周.分别在加力装置去除时及其后1、4周,测量上颌第一、第二磨牙间距离.取上颌第一磨牙及其牙周组织行组织学切片,HE染色及骨形成蛋白2(BMP-2)免疫组织化学染色,并进行图像分析和统计.结果 ①低、中、高剂量组大鼠牙齿移动复发距离均小于对照组(P＜0.05)、复发率明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),且剂量越小复发程度越小,低剂量组复发率最低(1、4周的复发率分别为26.81%、53.38%);②牙周组织中BMP-2表达量,低、中、高剂量组均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001),低剂量组灰度积分增高最明显(P＜0.001);牙周组织中BMP-2表达,张力区略高于压力区,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在正畸牙齿移动后复发的过程中,辛伐他汀能有效抑制实验性牙移动后牙齿复发的程度,低剂量的辛伐他汀效果最明显.其作用可能是通过促进牙周组织中BMP-2蛋白的表达,加速成骨细胞活动,促进骨形成,促进移动后的牙齿稳定.

Effect of simvastatin on bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression in the periodontal tissue after rat tooth movement

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of systematic administration of simvastatin on the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression in the periodontal tissue after rat tooth movement and on the relapse of tooth movement. METHODS: Orthodontic tooth movement of upper first molar was performed in 32 rats with coil spring for 21 days. The 32 rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: negative control group (isotonic saline) and three experimental groups (2.5 mg x kg(-1), 5.0 mg x kg(-1) and 10.0 mg x kg(-1)). The simvastatin started to be administered to the experimental groups 1 day before appliances were removed, and once a day there after for 4 weeks. The negative control group received the isotonic saline only. The interdental distance between the first and second maxillary molars were measured, when appliances were removed, and 1 week and 4 weeks after that. After the rats were sacrificed, sections of first maxillary molar and periodontal tissue were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The number and percentage of relapse was lower in the three experimental groups than in the negative control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The lower dose was given, the less relapse there was, with the lowerest dose resulting in lowest percentage of relapse (26.81% and 53.38%). BMP-2 expression in experimental groups was higher than in the negative control group, with the lowerest dose group showing the highest expression (P < 0.001). The BMP-2 expression on the tension side was slightly stronger than that on the compression side (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Systemic administration of simvastatin could decrease the extent of relapse of the orthodontic-moved tooth in rat, and the lower-dose of simvastatin seemed more effective. The possible mechanism for this may be that simvastatin functions by increasing the expression of BMP-2 in the periodontal tissue, accelerating the osteoblast activity and promoting bone formation.