两种双抗原夹心法检测抗人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体的方法比较

目的 探讨酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)与胶体金法检测抗人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗HIV抗体)的灵敏度及特异度.方法(1)灵敏度试验:将15份经免疫印迹法确诊为获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者的血清进行倍比稀释,应用ELISA法和胶体金法检测所有患者血清原液、稀释血清的抗HIV抗体,记录两种方法抗HIV抗体检测结果为阳性的最大稀释倍数.(2)特异度试验:应用上述两种方法同时检测200份非AIDS患者的血清,记录两种方法的阴性率.结果(1)灵敏度试验:ELISA法的最大稀释倍数显著高于胶体金法(P＜0.05).(2)特异度试验:两种方法的阴性率均为100％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 ELISA法抗HIV抗体的灵敏度优于胶体金法,但是两种方法检测血清原液的灵敏度、特异度结果均一致,因此胶体金法可以代替ELISA法用于AIDS的初筛试验.

A comparison of two methods for anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody of double-antigen sandwich assay

Objective To investigate the sensitivities and specificities of enzyme-linked inununosorbent assay（ELISA） and immunogold labeling technique in the detection of anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody. Methods （ 1 ） Sensitivity test： 15 sera from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS） diagnosed by western blotting were diluted proportionately, we detected the anti-human immunedeficiency virus antibody in all diluted sera using ELISA and immunogold labeling technique, and recorded the maximum dilutions of the two methods that the anti-human immunedeficiency virus antibody was positive. （2） Specificity test ： 200 sera from patients with non- AIDS were detected by ELISA and immunogold labeling technique, and we recorded the negative rates of the two methods. Results （ 1 ） Sensitivity test ：The maximum dilution of ELISA was significantly higher than that of immunogold labeling technique（ P 〈 0.05 ）. （2）Specificity test： The negative rates of the two methods were 100%, and there was no significant difference between the two methods. Conclusion The sensitivity of ELISA in the detection of anti- human immunodeficiency virus antibody is better than that of immunogold labeling technique,but the sensitivities and specificities of the two methods are consistent when the serum is detected, so the immunogold labeling technique is able to replace ELISA as a screening test for AIDS.