低强度超短波电磁辐射对机体的影响

目的　调查超短波作业环境 (170MHz)对职业接触人员神经功能、血清酶和免疫功能的影响。方法　询问职业接触人员主诉症状并进行脑血流图检测和神经行为核心测试组合试验 ,检测血清酶和免疫球蛋白。结果　现场超短波电场强度在天线发射方向 0°角 10m内和 135°角 2 0m内超过国家标准 (5V m)。接触组神经系统主诉症状如头痛、头晕和健忘等发生率明显高于对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;接触组工作后脑血流图上升时间 [左侧 (0 .15 5 3± 0 .0 5 79)s、右侧 (0 .15 4 1±0 .0 5 92 )s]明显比工作前 [左侧 (0 .10 4 4± 0 .0 30 2 )s、右侧 (0 .10 32± 0 .0 30 4 )s]或对照组 [左侧(0 .1185± 0 .0 5 6 8)s、右侧 (0 .1177± 0 .0 5 75 )s]延长 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。神经行为功能测试结果表明 ,接触组工作后数字译码、数字跨度和目标追踪下降明显。接触组工作后丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)变化不明显 ,天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)、碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)均明显升高。接触组工作后IgA浓度变化不明显 ,IgM和IgG浓度升高 ,尤以IgG水平升高明显。结论　低强度超短波电磁辐射对职业暴露人员神经系统功能有影响 ,并可引起部分血清酶活力和免疫球蛋白浓度升高。

Effect of low intensity and very high frequency electromagnetic radiation on occupationally exposed personnel

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of low intensity and very high frequency (VHF) electromagnetic radiation (170 MHz) on nervous system function and serum enzymes and immune function in human subjects with occupational exposure to VHF. METHODS: To measure the intensity of VHF and other environmental factors on the spot, to hold the questionnaire about chief complaints, to examine the rheoencephalography and the neurobehavior function, to analyze ALT, AST, ALP and LDH, and IgA, IgM and IgG in experimental group and control group. RESULTS: The intensity of VHF (direction of antenna: 0 degrees, 10 m and 135 degrees, 20 m) was higher than that of national standard on-the-spot. The incidences of symptoms such as headache, insomnia and amnesia etc. was significantly higher in experimental group (P < 0.01). Rheoencephalography indicated that the raising time of both left [(0.155 3 +/- 0.057 9) s] and right [(0.154 1 +/- 0.059 2) s] in the experimental group after exposure were significantly longer than before exposure [(0.104 4 +/- 0.030 2) s, (0.103 2 +/- 0.030 4) s respectively] or in the control [(0.118 5 +/- 0.056 8) s, (0.117 7 +/- 0.057 5) s respectively, (P < 0.01)]. Neurobehavior function test showed that digital symbol, digital span and pursuit aiming test were decreased after exposure in the experimental group (P < 0.01). Serum enzyme analysis showed that AST, ALP and LDH were significantly increased after exposure in the experimental group (P < 0.01). No marked change was found in IgA level, while the levels of IgM and IgG after exposure in the experimental group especially the latter were significantly increased (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Low-intensity VHF radiation can decrease the nervous system function in occupationally exposed personnel and induce increase in some kinds of enzymes and immunoglobulins.