潜水员睡眠质量的现状调查及分析

目的 了解潜水员的睡眠质量及相关的影响因素,为提高潜水员睡眠质量提供参考.方法 通过整群随机抽样,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对296名潜水员与77名海勤人员进行调查.结果 227名潜水员(76.7％)有睡眠质量问题,与海勤人员相比,PQSI总分(t=101.068)、睡眠质量(t=5.475)、入睡时间(t=8.387)、睡眠效率(t=25.834)、催眠药物使用(t=4.254)、日间功能(t=120.604)差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)；≥46岁与36～45岁的潜水员相比,PQSI总分、睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠障碍、催眠药物使用差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),与16 ～25岁的潜水员相比日间功能差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；大学及以上文化程度与高中及中专文化程度的潜水员相比,睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠障碍差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；吸烟者睡眠质量(t=12.475)、睡眠效率(t=15.929)、日间功能(t=5.039)与不吸烟者比较差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01)；饮酒者睡眠时间(t=5.369)、睡眠效率(t=18.283)、睡眠障碍(t=4.364)与不饮酒者的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 潜水员的睡眠质量不高,有必要采取适当措施提高其睡眠质量.

Investigation and analysis on the status of sleep quality of divers

Objective To investigate the status of sleep quality of divers and related social factors,so as to provide evidence for the improvement of sleep quality of divers.Methods A total of 296 divers and 77 sea-going personnel were investigated by means of random cluster sampling and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Results Two hundred twenty-two divers had the poor sleep problem,accounting for 76.7％.When compared with the sea - going personnel,total PQSI score ( t =101.068 ),sleep quality ( t =5.475 ),time taken to fall asleep (t =8.387),sleep efficiency(t =25.834),hypnotic drug assumption (t =4.254),daytime performance ( t =120.604 ) were all relatively poor( P ＜ 0.05 ),with statistical significance( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0.01 ).When comparisons were made between the divers with an age of over 46 years and those with an age of 36-45 years,there were statistical differences in total PQSI score,sleep quality,time taken to fall asleep,sleep time,sleep disorder and hypnotic drug assumption (P ＜ 0.05 ).When compared with that of the divers with an age of 36-45 years,statistical significance could be seen in day -time performance (P ＜ 0.05 ).When comparisons were made between the divers with university education and those with high school or secondary specialized education,statistical differences were noted in sleep quality,time taken to fall asleep,sleep time,sleep disorder(P ＜0.05).For the smoking divers,sleep quality(t =12.475),sleep efficiency (t =15.929),day-time performance( t =5.039) were poorer than those of the non-smokers,with statistical significance ( P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01 ).When comparisons were made between drinkers and non-drinkers,statistical differences could be noted in sleep time(t =5.369),sleep efficiency (t =18.283 )and sleep disorder( t =4.364) (P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Sleep quality of the divers was on the whole not so good and appropriate measures should be taken to improve sleep quality of the divers.