经皮侧后路腰椎间孔成形手术器械的设计及临床应用

 目的介绍经皮侧后路腰椎间孔成形手术器械的研制, 分析经皮腰椎间孔成形、经椎间孔内镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗非包含型腰椎间盘突出症的长期疗效。方法应用自制经皮侧后路腰椎间孔成形器械, 以腰椎间孔扩大成形、经椎间孔内镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗 56例非包含型腰椎间盘突出症患者:L₃-₄节段 7例, L₄-₅节段 30例, ₅S₁节段 19例。分析治疗前及治疗后 36个月内腰痛及腿痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scales, VAS)的变化及术后 36个月时的 Macnab功能评分。结果 56例手术均顺利完成, 手术时间 40~120 min(平均 60 min), 术中出血量 20~50 ml(平均 30 ml)。 56例患者术后至少随访 36个月。腰痛 VAS: 术前(6.5±2.3)分, 术后 1天(2.2±1.3)分, 术后 3个月(1.8±1.5)分, 术后 12个月(1.4±1.3)分, 术后 36个月(1.5±1.2)分；下肢放射痛 VAS: 术前(8.7±2.3)分,术后 1天(1.2±0.8)分, 术后 3个月(0.7±0.6)分, 术后 12个月(0.5±0.3)分, 术后 36个月(0.8±0.5)分；术后各时间点较术前均明显降低(P< 0.01)。 按照 Macnab评分标准, 36个月随访时, 44例优, 10例良, 2例可, 优良率为 96.4%。仅 5例于术后 1周出现下肢”日光烧灼综合征”, 均为 L5S1椎间盘突出症患者, 经过脉冲电刺激治疗 1周后缓解。无其他手术并发症发生。结论经皮腰椎间孔成形、经椎间孔内镜下椎间盘摘除术是非包含型腰椎间盘突出症的有效、安全的微创治疗方法。

Design and clinical application of the instrument for percutaneous posterolateral lumbar foraminoplasty

Objective To introduce the design of the instrument for percutaneous posterolateral foraminoplasty and analyze long-term outcomes of percutaneous foraminoplasty and transforaminal endoscopic discectomy in the treatment of non-contained lumbar disc herniation.Methods Fifty-six patients with noncontained lumbar disc herniation confirmed by symptom,physical sign and concordant imaging underwent percutaneous foraminoplasty and transforaminal endoscopic discectomy,including 7 cases of L3-4,30 of L4-5 and 19 of L5S1.The visual analogue scales (VAS) of pre- and post-operative low back pain and sciatica were compared,and the Macnab scores were also evaluated.Results All of the procedures were performed successfully,with mean operation time of 60 min (range,40-120 min),and a mean blood loss of 30 ml (range,20-50 ml).The follow-up time was more than 36 months.Postoperative VAS of low back pain and sciatica were significantly decreased compared with preoperative VAS (P＜0.01).There were 44 cases of excellent,10of good,and 2 of fair according to Macnab score system,with total successful rate (excellent and good) up to 96.4％.Only 5 cases with L5S1 disc herniation were found complicated with sun-burn syndrome,which were relieved by pulsed electro-stimulant therapy for 1 week.Conclusion Percutaneous foraminoplasty and transforaminal endoscopic discectomy is an effective and safe minimally invasive treatment alternative for non-contained lumbar disc herniation.