256层螺旋CT低剂量心脑血管联合成像初步研究

目的 初步探讨256层螺旋CT前瞻性心电门控心脑血管联合成像的图像质量与辐射剂量.方法 回顾性分析57例患者CTA资料.组1:心脑血管联合CTA(n=17),应用大范围前瞻性心电门控行冠状动脉、颈动脉及脑血管一站式扫描；组2:冠状动脉CTA(n=20):前瞻性心电门控行常规冠状动脉成像；组3:常规颈脑血管CTA(n =20).分别测量各组升主动脉根部、双侧颈总动脉起始部、椎动脉起始部、颈内动脉(蝶鞍层面)图像CT值与图像噪声；采用4分法评估冠状动脉图像质量,3分法评估颈脑血管图像质量；分别计算各组的辐射剂量.采用t检验比较组间的图像CT值与噪声；采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较组1与组2冠状动脉图像质量及组1与组3颈脑血管图像质量.结果 组1与组2升主动脉根部CT值分别为(427±50)、(426±86) HU]、噪声分别为(30±9)、(31±9)HU]差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为0.058、-0.325,P值均＞0.05)；冠状动脉图像质量评分组1与组2均满足诊断需要冠状动脉节段,优良分别达到98.1％( 202/206)、99.6％(244/245)；两组间图像质量比较差异无统计学意义(Z=- 0.572,P＞0.05).组1与组3颈总动脉起始部CT值分别为(474±70)、(348±81)HU]、椎动脉起始部CT值分别为(447±83)、(328±66) HU]差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.043、4.869,P值均＜0.05)；颈内动脉(蝶鞍层面)CT值分别为(370±92)、(367±97)HU]两组比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.111,P＞0.05).组1颈脑血管图像质量评分1分1例,2分14例,3分2例；组3颈脑血管图像质量评分2分7例,3分13例；两组图像质量评分比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.306,P＜0.05).组1、组2、组3有效辐射剂量分别为(7.0±0.8)、(3.1±0.4)、(5.0±0.3) mSv.结论 256层螺旋CT大范围前瞻性心电门控心脑血管联合成像可获得满足临床诊断需要的冠状动脉、颈动脉及脑血管图像质量,具有简便、快捷、无创、对比剂使用少、辐射剂量低、客观和重复性强的优势,是一种全新的评估冠状动脉与颈脑血管的良好方法.

Low dose 256-slice spiral CT of coronary combined with carotid and cerebrovascular angiography

Objective To investigate image quality and radiation dose of prospective ECG-gated coronary combined with carotid and cerebrovascular angiography and compare it with common coronary CTA and carotid-cerebrovascular CTA at a 256-slice spiral CT.Methods Fifty-seven patients were included in the study.The data was analyzed retrospectively and divided into 3 groups.Group 1 underwent coronary combined with carotid CTA ( n =17 ),which included a wide range of prospective ECG-gated coronary,carotid and cerebral vascular one-stop angiography.Group 2 underwent coronary CTA ( n =20),which was routine prospective ECG-gated coronary angiography.Group 3 underwent routine carotid and cerebrovascular CTA (n =20).Mean CT image attenuation and image noise were measured in the ascending aorta root,proximal parts of the bilateral common carotid artery and vertebral artery,and in the internal carotid artery at sellae level in the axial plane.Coronary artery image quality was rated using a four-point ordinal scale and carotid cerebral vascular image quality was rated using a three-point ordinal scale.Radiation dose were calculated.Mean CT image attenuation,image noise and radiation dose were compared among the 3 groups using t test.Using Mann-Whitney U,the coronary artery imaging quality was compared between group 1 and 2,and image quality of cerebral vessels was compared between group 1 and 3.Results Mean CT image attenuation (427 ±50) HU in group 1 and (426 ±86) HU in group 2] and image noise of the ascending aorta root (30 ± 9) HU in group 1 and (31 ± 9) HU in group 2 ] showed no statistical difference between group 1 and 2 (t =0.058,-0.325,P ＞0.05).There were no non-diagnosis coronary segments in group 1 and 2.And coronary segments with excellent or good image quality reached 98.1％ (202/206) in group 1 and 99.6％ ( 244/245 ) in group 2.It showed no significant difference between group 1 and 2 ( Z =-0.572,P ＞ 0.05 ).There were significant differences of mean CT image attenuation in the common carotid artery between group 1 ( 474 ± 70 ) HU ] and group 3 ( 348 ± 81 ) HU ],and in the vertebral artery between group 1 (447 ±83)HU] and group 3 (328 +66) HU] (t =5.043,4.869,P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference of mean CT image attenuation in the internal carotid artery (370 ± 92) HU in group 1 and ( 367 ± 97 ) HU in group 3 ] ( t =0.111,P ＞ 0.05 ).There was a significant difference of image quality scores of carotid and cerebrovascular arteries between group 1 and 3 (Z =- 3.306,P ＜ 0.05 ).Effective radiation dose of groups 1,2,3 were ( 7.0 ± 0.8 ),( 3.1 ± 0.4 ) and (5.0 ± 0.3) mSv respectively.Conclusion The prospective ECG-gated coronary combined with carotid and cerebrovascular angiography is able to obtain diagnostic image quality of coronary,carotid and cerebral vascular at the 256-slice spiral CT.It is a simple,fast,noninvasive way to assess coronary and carotid cerebrovascular arteries,with advantages of less contrast medium and low radiation dose.