银川河东机场鼠类密度、季节消长状况分析

目的了解宁夏银川河东机场鼠类密度、季节消长情况及种群分布,为防控鼠害、预防鼠传播疾病提供科学依据。方法采用夹日法、昼夜弓形夹法和5m夹线法在机场不同地点进行调查。结果①共布放有效鼠夹7463夹次,捕获鼠类32只,经鉴定隶属于啮齿目-鼠科-家鼠属-褐家鼠占21.9%;小家属-小家鼠占31.2%;松鼠科-黄鼠属-达乌尔黄鼠阿拉善亚种（简称阿拉善黄鼠）占34.4%;仓鼠科-沙鼠属-子午沙鼠占12.5%,黄鼠为优势种。②生活区（家栖鼠）鼠类平均密度为0.28只/100间,候机楼未捕获到鼠,停机坪（野栖鼠）鼠类平均密度为0.22只/hm2。③鼠类季节消长家栖鼠以4、10月份为高峰期,野栖鼠以6月份为高峰期,在1、2、9、11月份鼠密度为零。结论银川河东机场鼠密度较低,鼠种构成相对简单,达到基本无鼠害机场,今后还必须持之以恒,坚持科学灭鼠,严防疫情输入,巩固灭鼠达标成果。

Analysis of Density and Seasonal Fluctuation of Rodents at Hedong Airport in Yinchuan

Objective In order to understand density,seasonal fluctuation and population distribution of rodents at Hedong Airport in Yinchuan,to provide scientific basis for controlling rat damage and prevention of rodent-spread diseases.Methods Day-clamps,day and nights cramp frame and 5-meter-linear clamps were taken to investigate at the airport.Results ① Totally 7 463 cramp times were delivered.32 rodents were caught.After classification,the rodents belonged to Rattus norvegicus（21.9%）,Mus musculus（31.2%）,Citellus dauricus（34.4%）,Meriones meridianus（12.5%）,with the dominant species of Citellus.② Average density of domestic rodents in utility area was 0.28 rodents/100 rooms.No rodent was caught in air-terminal.Average density of wild rodents in hardstand was 0.22 rodents/hm2.③The domestic rodents reached peak in April and October,while the amount of wild rodents was at peak in June.The density of rodents was zero in January,February,September and November.Conclusions The density of rodents at Hedong Airport in Yinchuan is low,with relative simple constitution of rodent species.It is the airport without rodent damage.Effort should be done to insist on scientific deratization so as to prevent epidemic from import and keep the deratization effect.