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In vitro screening for anthelmintic and antitumour activity of ethnomedicinal plants from Thailand
Authors:Korakot Atjanasuppat  Weerah Wongkham  Puttinan Meepowpan  Prasat Kittakoop  Prasert Sobhon  Ann Bartlett  Phil J. Whitfield
Affiliation:1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;3. Chulabhorn Research Institute, Vipavadee-Rangsit Highway, Bangkok 10210, Thailand;4. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;5. Department of Biochemistry, King''s College London, University of London, 150 Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
Abstract:

Aim of study

This study screened for anthelmintic and/or antitumour bioactive compounds from Thai indigenous plants and evaluated effectiveness against three different worm species and two cancer cell lines.

Materials and methods

Methylene chloride and methanol extracts of 32 plant species were screened for in vitro anthelmintic activity against three species of worms, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the digeneans Paramphistomum epiclitum and Schistosoma mansoni (cercariae). Cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated against two cancer cell lines: human amelanotic melanoma (C32) and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) by the SRB assay. Anthelmintic and anticancer activities were evaluated by the inhibiting concentration at 50% death (IC50) and the selectivity index (SI) relative to human fibroblasts.

Results and conclusions

None of the extracts were active against Paramphistomum epiclitum. Plumbagin, a pure compound from Plumbago indica, had the strongest activity against Caenorhabditis elegans. The methylene chloride extract of Piper chaba fruits had the strongest activity against schistosome cercariae. Strong cytotoxicity was shown by the methylene chloride extract of Michelia champaca bark and the methanol extract of Curcuma longa rhizome against C32 and HeLa, respectively. These extracts had higher SI (>100) than positive controls in relation to either the worms or the cell lines. The methanol extract of Bouea burmanica had a slightly lower activity towards C32 cells than did Michelia champaca but had a much higher SI (>27,000).

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The plant species screened in this research was recorded by several indigenous medicinal practitioners as antiparasitic, anticancer and/or related activities to the human major organ system.
Keywords:C32, amelanotic melanoma cell line   DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium   DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide   ED66, 66% effective dose   FBS, fetal bovine serum   g, gram   HeLa, human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line   HL-60, human promyelocytic leukemia cell line   Ho-8910, human ovarian cancer cell line   IC50, inhibiting concentration at 50% survival   IC52, inhibiting concentration at 52% survival   M, molar   MEM, minimum essential medium   ml, milliliter   mM, millimole   μg, microgram   μl, microliter   μM, micromole   NGA, nematode growth agar   NLM, human normal fibroblast cell line   nm, nanometer   OD, optical density   SI, selective index   SSs, stock solutions   SRB, Sulphorhodamine B   TCA, trichloroacetic acid   WSs, working solutions
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