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Essential oils of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia from Lebanon: Chemical composition,antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells
Authors:Venera Cardile  Alessandra Russo  Carmen Formisano  Daniela Rigano  Felice Senatore  Nelly Apostolides Arnold  Franco Piozzi
Affiliation:1. Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;2. Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;3. Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy;4. Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université Saint Esprit, Kaslik (Beyrouth), Lebanon;5. Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d’Orleans II, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
Abstract:

Aim of the study

Salvia bracteata Banks et Sol. and Salvia rubifolia Boiss. are known in folk medicine of Lebanon for the treatment of microbial infections, cancer, urinary and pulmonary problems. In the present study the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aerial parts of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia collected in Lebanon were evaluated. The oils were also tested for their potential antiproliferative effects against M14 human melanoma cells.

Material and methods

The oils were studied by GC and GC–MS and their antibacterial activity (MIC and MBC) was tested against ten bacteria species using the broth dilution method. The inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells (measurement of cell vitality, cell membrane integrity and genomic DNA fragmentation) was studied using MTT assay, calculation of LDH release and COMET assay.

Results

The oils showed a good antibacterial activity (MIC = 50 μg/ml) against Gram+ bacteria. They besides exhibited an inhibitory effect on the human cancer cells examined inducing also apoptotic cell death, but the oil of Salvia rubifolia was significantly (p < 0.001) more active as compared to the oil of Salvia bracteata.

Conclusion

The results on the pharmacological activities of these Salvia species provide an in vitro scientific support for the use of these plants in traditional herbal preparations.
Keywords:Salvia bracteata   Salvia rubifolia   Essential oil   Antimicrobial activity   Antiproliferative activity
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