Pomegranate flower ameliorates fatty liver in an animal model of type 2 diabetes and obesity |
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Authors: | Kevin Zhe-Yang Xu Chenchen Zhu Moon Sun Kim Johji Yamahara Yuhao Li |
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Institution: | 1. Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;2. School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, China;3. Pharmafood Institute, Kyoto, Japan |
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Abstract: | Aims of the studyFatty liver is the most common cause of abnormal liver function tests. We investigated the effect and its underlying mechanism of pomegranate flower (PGF), a traditional antidiabetic medicine, on fatty liver.Materials and methodsAt the endpoint of treatment of male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats with PGF extract (500 mg/kg, p.o. × 6 weeks), liver weight index, hepatic lipid contents (enzymatic colorimetric methods) and droplet accumulation (Oil Red O staining) were determined. Gene profiles (RT-PCR) were analyzed in the liver of ZDF rats and in human liver-derived HepG2 cell line.ResultsPGF-treated ZDF rats showed reduced ratio of liver weight to tibia length, hepatic triglyceride contents and lipid droplets. These effects were accompanied by enhanced hepatic gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), and reduced stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1. In contrast, PGF showed minimal effects on expression of genes responsible for synthesis, hydrolysis or uptake of fatty acid and triglycerides. PGF treatment also increased PPAR-alpha and ACO mRNA levels in HepG2 cells.ConclusionOur findings suggest that this Unani medicine ameliorates diabetes and obesity-associated fatty liver, at least in part, by activating hepatic expression of genes responsible for fatty acid oxidation. |
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Keywords: | ACC acetyl-CoA carboxylase ACO acyl-CoA oxidase BW body weight CPT-1 carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 FA fatty acid FAS fatty acid synthase FATP fatty acid transport protein LpL lipoprotein lipase NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease PGF pomegranate flower PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor SCD-1 stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 SREBP-1 sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 TC total cholesterol TG triglyceride ZL Zucker lean ZDF Zucker diabetic fatty |
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