马鞍山市中小学生近视与视力保健相关行为关系的探讨

目的探讨中小学生近视与视力保健相关行为的关系。方法采用整群抽样法,于2012年5月在马鞍山城乡各选择2所小学和2所初中的学生,利用问卷方法对中小学生社会人口学资料、近视情况和视力保健相关行为进行调查。对4 062份有效问卷内容,采用χ2检验和多因素logistic回归模型分析。结果马鞍山中小学生自评近视的检出率为33.4%(1 356/4 062)。女生、初中生、城市、独生子女、成绩差、生父文化程度高的中小学生近视的发生率较高。多因素logistic回归分析显示,总视力保健相关行为得分高是近视的保护因素,其OR值(95%CI)为0.99(0.99～1.00),P=0.043;眼放松行为好、睡眠习惯好以及做眼保健操正确按时是近视的保护因素,其OR值(95%CI)分别为0.98(0.96～0.99),0.93(0.89～0.98)和0.97(0.94～0.99)。结论学生的用眼行为与近视的发生发展有关,推行视力保健相关行为教育是预防与控制学生近视重要举措。

Explore the associations between myopia and child vision care related behavior among primary and middle school students in Maanshan,Anhui province

Objective To examine the association between myopia and child vision care related behavior among primary and middle school students.Methods In May 2012,two primary schools and two middle schools are selected from urban and rural areas（including one key schools and one general school） separately.A self-administered questionnaire containing information on sociodemographic,myopia and child vision care related behavior was filled.Ultimately,4 062 students（2 151 males and 1 911 females）,aged 7 to 17 years（mean age 11.41 years,SD =2.62） were analyzed.Pearson chi square test and logistic regression models were used in analysis.Results Approximately 33.4%（1356 /4062） of primary and middle school students showed myopia.Students with myopia were associated with females,middle school students,urban areas,the only child,poor grades in school,Higher education level in biological father.After adjusting on sex,grade,family address,the only child,grades in school,education level in biological father and mother,the logistic regression analyses show high scores on total child vision care related behavior was a protective factor for myopia（OR = 0.99,95% CI： 0.99 ～ 1.00）.And high scores on vision relax behaviors（OR = 0.98,95% CI： 0.96 ～ 0.99）,good sleep routines（OR = 0.93,95% CI： 0.89 ～ 0.98） and more eye exercises（OR = 0.97,95% CI： 0.94 ～ 0.99） all were protective factor for myopia.Conclusions Myopia among students is related with child vision care related behavior.In order to prevention and control of myopia,we must enhance the publicity about the child vision care related behavior.