中国精简膳食质量评分

目的建立中国精简膳食质量评分(China Prime Diet Quality Score, CPDQS),评价中国成年居民膳食质量及其与相关健康结局的关系。方法 CPDQS由22个指标构成,包括深绿色蔬菜、深红色/橙色蔬菜、其他蔬菜、深黄色水果、柑橘类水果、其他水果、全谷物/杂豆、红薯类、其他薯类、大豆类、坚果类、禽肉、鱼虾类、奶类、蛋类、畜肉、油炸食品、精制谷物、含糖饮料、盐、食用油和酒类。依据平衡膳食宝塔中能量需要量在2000 kcal水平的各类食物推荐量,基础分值为0~4分,22个指标总分范围为0~100分。应用CPDQS对2010-2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测中20~80岁具有完整3天24小时膳食回顾法调查资料进行分析,对CPDQS指标的效标效度进行评价。结果中国20岁以上居民的CPDQS平均得分为(44.28±0.08)分,城市优于农村,分值中位数分别为48和39,女性略优于男性,中位数分别为44和43。CPDQS与营养素摄入量呈显著相关,其中与碳水化合物相关系数为-0.18,与平均充足概率相关系数为0.35。随着CPDQS得分增加,其罹患超重肥胖、腹型肥胖、高血压、低高密度脂蛋白血症、代谢综合征的风险降低。调整年龄、性别、能量摄入、收入、文化程度、职业、地区、是否吸烟后,最高分位组与最低分位组相比,OR值分别为0.73(95%CI 0.63~0.84)、0.72(95%CI 0.63~0.83)、0.67(95%CI 0.57~0.78)、0.85(95%CI 0.73~0.99)和0.72(95%CI 0.61~0.85)。结论 CPDQS是对膳食质量进行综合评价的一个精简指标,不同地区、不同健康状况人群的CPDQS得分存在一定差异,分值越高膳食质量越优,CPDQS可以作为膳食质量评价的有效工具。

China prime diet quality score

OBJECTIVE To Develop the China Prime Diet Quality Score(CPDQS) and evaluate the relationship between dietary quality and health-related outcomes in Chinese adults. METHODS CPDQS was conducted by 22 components, including dark green vegetables, dark red/orange vegetables, other vegetables, dark yellow fruits, citrus fruits, other fruits, whole grains/legumes, sweet potato, other potatoes, soybean, nuts, poultry, fish and shrimp, milk, eggs, red meat, fried food, refined grains, sugar sweetered beverages, salt, cooking oil, and alcohol. CPDQS components were selected based on Chinese Dietary Guidelines, and the values of each CPDQS components were set according to the dietary recommendations of foods and nutrients. According to the recommended amount of all kinds of foods under energy requirements of 2000 kcal in the Balanced Diet Pagoda, the basic score for each kind of food was 0-4, and the total score of the 22 components ranges from 0 to 100. Dietary quality of Chinese residents was evaluated according to CPDQS by analyzing data of adults aged 20-80 from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. RESULTS Mean of CPDQS for Chinese residents aged 20 and above was 40.28±0.08. CPDQS was higher in urban areas than in rural areas with median 48 and 39 respectively. CPDQS of female was slightly higher than that of male with median 44 and 43 respectively. CPDQS showed significantly correlation with all kinds of nutrients, in which correlation coefficient with carbohydrate and MPA was-0.18 and 0.35. With the increase of CPDQS score, the risk of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-emia and metabolic syndrome decreased. After multi-factor adjustment, ORs of the highest quantile-group were 0.73(95%CI 0.63-0.84), 0.72(95%CI 0.63-0.83), 0.67(95%CI 0.57-0.78), 0.85(95%CI 0.73-0.99) and 0.72(95%CI 0.61-0.85), respectively compared with the lowest quantile-group. CONCLUSION CPDQS is a simplified index for comprehensive evaluation of dietary quality and it can reflect differences in diet quality among people in different regions and different health conditions. CPDQS could be used as an effective tool for evaluation of dietary quality.