四川省汉、藏和彝族农村地区母乳喂养现状及其影响因素

目的了解四川省汉、藏和彝族农村地区0~18月龄婴幼儿母乳喂养的现状及相关影响因素。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,抽取四川省2个汉族县、2个藏族县和2个彝族县农村地区0~18月龄婴幼儿及其母亲为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集母亲及婴幼儿的社会人口学特征、家庭情况、母乳喂养知识和行为等信息。运用非条件Logistic回归分析母乳喂养的相关影响因素。结果 1087名婴幼儿的早开奶率为22.45%,其中,985名6月龄及以上的婴幼儿纯母乳喂养至6月龄率为35.94%、658名12月龄及以上婴幼儿的持续母乳喂养至12月龄率为34.50%。分娩方式为顺产(OR=2.80,95%CI 1.82~4.30)、母亲的早开奶知识(OR=2.48,95%CI 1.69~3.64)是早开奶的有利因素。母亲是藏族(OR=1.56,95%CI 1.02~2.39)、家庭经济状况非常好(OR=2.70,95%CI 1.47~4.98)、母亲掌握纯母乳喂养知识(OR=1.47,95%CI 1.07~2.02)是纯母乳喂养至6月龄的有利因素。二胎及以上(OR=1.67,95%CI 1.11~2.52)、母亲掌握断奶知识(OR=3.96,95%CI 2.65~5.93)是持续母乳喂养至12月龄的有利因素。结论四川省汉、藏和彝族农村地区的母乳喂养现状不容乐观,母亲的民族、分娩方式、是否掌握相关知识、胎次及家庭经济状况均会影响婴幼儿母亲的母乳喂养行为。

Status and influencing factors of breastfeeding behavior in rural areas of Han,Tibetan and Yi nationalities in Sichuan Province

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the status of breastfeeding among infants aged 0-18 months in rural areas of Han,Tibetan and Yi ethnic in Sichuan Province,and to explore the relevant impact factors.METHODS Using multistage sampling method,choose two Han county,two Tibetan county and two Yi county rural 0-18 months infants and young children with their mother as the subjects in Sichuan Province,to collect mothers and infants and young children's demography,family status,the information such as breastfeeding knowledge and behavior through questionnaires.Unconditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of breastfeeding.RESULTS Among the 1087 infants,early initiation of breastfeeding rate was 22.45%,among the 985 infants aged 6 months and above,the rate of exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months was 35.94%,among the 658 infants aged 12 months and above,the rate of continued breastfeeding at 1 year was 34.50%.The favorable factors for early initiation of breastfeeding were that normal delivery(OR=2.80,95%CI 1.82-4.30)and mothers with knowledge of early initiation of breastfeeding behavior(OR=2.48,95%CI 1.69-3.64).Tibetan mother(OR=1.56,95%CI 1.02-2.39),very good family economic status(OR=2.70,95%CI 1.47-4.98),mother's knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months(OR=1.47,95%CI 1.07-2.02)were favorable factors for exclusive breastfeeding behavior under 6 months.Second birth and above(OR=1.67,95%CI 1.11-2.52)and mothers’knowledge of weaning(OR=3.96,95%CI 2.65-5.93)were favorable factors for continued breastfeeding at 1 year.CONCLUSION The status of breastfeeding in the multi-ethnic rural areas of Sichuan Province is poor.The mother’s ethnicity,delivery method,and whether they have relevant know ledge,parity and family economic status will affect the breastfeeding behavior of infant mothers.