A Prospective Study of Intrapulmonary Fat Accumulation in the Newborn Lung Following Intralipid Infusion

In order to assess the safety and stability of a parenteral fat emulsion (Intralipid⁸) in total parenteral nutrition (TPN), 29 infants were infused Vamin glucose and Dextrose electrolyte solution as well as one of two isocaloric regimens; either 25 % Dextrose (Group I) or 10 % Intralipid (Group II). Regular biochemical monitoring was performed in all cases and no infants became lipaemic nor developed abnormally high levels of total free fatty acid. Eight infants died and only those who had received fat emulsion had lipid staining material distending the pulmonary vessels. One infant having low infusion rates of Intralipid had massive fat accumulation in the lungs, but biochemistry during life had been normal. We speculate that in ill infants the emulsion becomes less stable and agglomeration of fat particles occurs which are then fully filtered out by the lungs before metabolism of the exogenous fat can occur.