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The International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) and Classification of the Extent of Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Surgery (EFSS)
Authors:Peter‐John Wormald MD  Werner Hoseman MD  Claudio Callejas MD  Rainer K. Weber MD  David W. Kennedy MD  Martin J. Citardi MD  Brent A. Senior MD  Timothy L. Smith MD  Peter H. Hwang MD  Richard R. Orlandi MD  Oliver Kaschke MD  Jin Keat Siow MD  Kornel Szczygielski MD  Ulrich Goessler MD  Martin Khan MD  Manuel Bernal‐Sprekelsen MD  Thomas Kuehnel MD  Alkis Psaltis MD
Affiliation:1. Department of Surgery‐Otolaryngology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany;3. Otorhinolaryngology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile;4. Division of Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Karlsruhe, Germany;5. Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;6. Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX;7. Division of Rhinology, Allergy, and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC;8. Division of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR;9. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA;10. Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT;11. Department of ENT, Sankt Gertrauden Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany;12. Department of Otolaryngology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital National University of Singapore, Singapore;13. Department of Otolaryngology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland;14. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mannheim, Frankfurt, Germany;15. HNO‐Klinik, Klinikum Dahme‐Spreewald GmbH, K?nigs‐Wusterhausen, Germany;16. University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain;17. ORL‐Dept, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany
Abstract:The frontal recess and frontal sinus anatomy can vary from simple to complex. The variations in the anatomy of the frontal recess and frontal sinus are considerable but almost all variations can be classified if the various cell patterns are analyzed. This consensus document was developed to improve the ability of the surgeon to understand these possible variations, plan the surgery, and communicate these complexities when teaching or reporting outcomes. Once the surgeon understands the anatomical pattern of the frontal sinus and recess cells, the extent of surgery can be planned. This document presents a classification of the extent of surgery based on the anatomical classification.
Keywords:sinus anatomy  sinus surgery  radiology  frontal sinusotomy  IFAC  EFSS
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