老年社区获得性肺炎住院患者的临床资料分析

目的总结老年社区获得性肺炎（CAP）患者的临床表现、病原学及预后相关资料。方法回顾性分析2002年1月-2006年1月中山大学附属第三医院收治的成人CAP患者的临床资料,比较老年CAP患者（年龄〉65岁）与中青年CAP患者（年龄≤65岁）临床特征的异同。结果成人CAP患者302例,年龄（68±21）岁。老年CAP患者216例,其中67．1％的患者合并基础疾病,175例（81．0％）患者在Fine危险分级Ⅳ～Ⅴ级,住院病死率为12．0％。肺炎链球菌仍是老年CAP患者最主要的致病菌。与86例中青年CAP患者相比,老年CAP患者入院时出现呼吸困难、急性意识障碍、心率增快及呼吸急促的比例明显增多,病原体分布与中青年CAP患者存在差异。结论老年CAP患者发病率高、并发症多、预后差。临床表现、病原学具有其特殊性,应予足够重视。

Clinical analysis of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical features, etiology, and outcome of patients over 65 years old hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed for adult patients hospitalized with CAP in a 1000-bed teaching hospital between Jan 2002 and Jan 2006. Differences between < or = 65 yrs and > 65 yrs groups were calculated using chi(2) test. RESULTS: A total of 302 patients (166 males), with a mean age of (68 +/- 21) yrs, were enrolled. Of the 216 elderly patients, 67.1% had comorbid conditions, mostly cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive lung disease. For the risk stratification, 175 patients were classified as IV - V according to Fine's index. The mean hospital stay was 12 days and in-hospital mortality was 12.0%. The most frequent pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae in elderly patients. As compared to 86 younger patients (< or = 65yrs), altered mental status, dyspnea, tachypnea and tachycardia on hospital admission were more frequent in the elderly. The etiological distribution was also different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: CAP in elderly patients is a prevalent disease with high incidence of complications and mortality. More attention should be paid to the specific clinical manifestations of this patient population.