福州市麻疹疫苗强化免疫活动前后的麻疹流行病学特征分析

目的了解福州市麻疹疫情趋势及其流行病学特征,为制定麻疹防控对策提供科学依据。方法对福州市麻疹强化免疫活动前后的2008和2009年麻疹发病率进行分析,评价强化免疫活动的效果,并深入探讨影响福州市麻疹流行特征的相关因素。结果福州市2008年的麻疹发病数为96例,发病率为1.43/10万;而2009年的麻疹病例数为41例,发病率降至0.61/10万,同比下降57.3%。2008年的麻疹发病高峰出现在5月份,发病率为3.58/100万;而2009年的发病高峰推迟到7月份,发病率降至1.34/100万。与2008年相比,2009年麻疹发病率显著降低的县(市)区有鼓楼区、台江区、晋安区、闽侯县、连江县、福清市。而仓山区2009年麻疹发病率反而有所升高。其他县(市)区的麻疹发病率差异无统计学意义。2008年麻疹病例以小年龄组(15岁)病例、散居托幼儿童为主。而2009年以大年龄组(≥15岁)病例、家务及待业为主。结论此次麻疹疫苗强化免疫效果显著,报告接种率达到预期指标,接种后麻疹发病率明显降低。

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles before and after the Supplementary Immunization of Measles Vaccine in Fuzhou

Objective ] To understand the epidemic trend and epidemiological characteristics of measles in Fuzhou, provide scientific reference for making measures of measles prevention and control. Methods] The incidences of measles before and after the supplementary immunization in 2008 and 2009 were analyzed, the effect of supplementary immunization was evaluated, and the related factors influencing the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Fuzhou were explored further. Results] There were 96 cases of measles in 2008 in Fuzhou, while 41 cases in 2009. The incidence rate decreased from 1.43/100 000 in 2008 to 0.61/100 000 in 2009, reduced by 57.3%. The peak season of measles was May in 2008 with the incidence rate 3.58/1 000 000, the peak season delayed to July in 2009, and the incidence rate decreased to 1.34/1 000 000. Compared with 2008, the incidence rate in Gulou, Taijiang, Jin＇an, Minhou, Lianjiang and Fuqing significantly decreased in 2009, bufenbiedit that in Cangshan increased in 2009. There was no significant difference in measles incidence rate among other counties/cities. In 2008, most of measles cases were in junior group （ 〈 15 years old ） and mainly were scattered children. In 2009, most of measles cases were in senior group （ i〉 15 years old ） and occupations mainly were housework and unemployment. Conclusion ] The effect of supplementary immunization of measles vaccine was obvious, the reported coverage rates reached expected target, and the incidence rate of measles significantly reduced after vaccination.