152例雄激素性脱发患者临床特征分析

分析雄激素脱发（AGA）患者的临床特征。方法 选取2019年12月-2023年2月于泰州市姜 堰区皮肤病防治院毛发病专病门诊就诊的152例AGA患者为研究对象，分析其临床特征及性别特异性。 结果 152例AGA患者中，男64例，女88例；年龄13~49岁，平均年龄（31.25±7.62）岁；有直系亲属家族 史48例（31.58%），其中男24例（37.50%），女24例（27.27%）；不同性别AGA患者直系亲属家族史占 比比较，差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。152例AGA患者脱发程度以轻度脱发为主；不同性别AGA患者 脱发程度比较，差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）；152例AGA患者中湿热内蕴型最为常见（40.13%），其 次就是肝郁血瘀型（14.47%）和肝肾不足（12.50%）。152例AGA患者中＞20%的毛干直径变细、无毛 干的毛囊开口、毳毛比例增加占比最高，分别为89.47%、55.26%和51.32%。不同性别AGA患者皮肤（毛 发）镜征象比较，差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。男性AGA患者湿热内蕴、肝肾不足占比高于女性AGA 患者，而肝郁血瘀占比低于女性AGA患者（P ＜0.05）。不同性别AGA患者洗发频率比较，差异无统 计学意义（P ＞0.05）；女性AGA患者有烫染发习惯占比高于男性（P ＜0.05）；男性AGA患者头皮油 性和头发油性占比均高于女性AGA患者（P ＜0.05）；女性患者平均睡眠时间＜8 h占比高于男性AGA患 者（P＜0.05）。结论 AGA患者年龄呈现年轻化趋势，病程短且以轻度脱发为主，与患者遗传、生活方式、 油脂分泌和睡眠时间等因素有关，且具有一定的性别特异性，毛发镜征象和中医辨证分型可指导临床诊疗工 作开展。

Clinical Characteristics Analysis of 152 Patients with Androgenic Alopecia

To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA). Methods A total of 152 patients with AGA who were treated in the hair disease clinic of Jiangsu Taizhou Jiangyan District Institute of Dermatology from December 2019 to February 2023 were selected as the research subjects. The clinical characteristics and sex specificity were analyzed. Results There were 64 males and 88 females in 152 patients with AGA. The age was 13-49 years old, with an average age of (31.25±7.62) years old. There were 48 patients (31.58%) with a family history of immediate family members, including 24 males (37.50%) and 24 females (27.27%). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients with family history between different genders (P >0.05). The hair loss grading in AGA patients was mainly mild hair loss, and there was no statistically significant difference in hair loss grading among AGA patients of different genders (P >0.05). Among AGA patients, damp-heat accumulation type was the most common (40.13%), followed by liver depression and blood stasis type (14.47%) and liver-kidney deficiency type (12.50%), there was a statistically significant difference in TCM syndrome differentiation types among AGA patients of different genders (P <0.05). Among 152 patients with AGA, the proportion of >20% hair shaft diameter thinning,hair follicle opening without hair shaft, and vellus hair increased was the highest, accounting for 89.47%, 55.26%, and 51.32%, respectively. There was no significant difference in skin (hair) mirror signs among AGA patients of different genders (P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the frequency of shampooing between AGA patients of different genders (P >0.05). The proportion of female AGA patients with hot hair dyeing habits was higher than that of male patients (P <0.05). The proportion of scalp oily and hair oily in male AGA patients was higher than that in female AGA patients (P <0.05). The proportion of average sleep time <8 h in female AGA patients was higher than that in male AGA patients (P <0.05). Conclusion The age of AGA patients shows a younger trend, the course of disease is short and mainly mild alopecia, which is related to factors such as heredity, lifestyle, oil secretion and sleep time, and has certain gender specificity. Hair mirror signs and TCM syndrome differentiation can guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.