Background exposure of general women populations in Japan to cadmium in the environment and possible health effects. |
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Authors: | M Ikeda Z W Zhang K Higashikawa T Watanabe S Shimbo C S Moon H Nakatsuka N Matsuda-Inoguchi |
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Institution: | Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Japan. |
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Abstract: | 1. The surveys were conducted in 1990s on 470 non-smoking adult women with no specific exposure to cadmium (Cd)] in 22 sites in six regions in Japan. 2. It was found that the dietary Cd intake (as a grand geometric mean) was 25.9 microg/day, the Cd level in blood was 2.1 microg/l, and Cd level in urine was 2.1 microg/g creat. 3. Cd in rice contributed about 30% of total dietary Cd intake. 4. There was a substantial reduction in Cd burden when compared with observation in 1980s. 5. Effects on kidney functions were essentially negative when evaluated in terms of beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG), but might be positive when alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1-MG) was evaluated; further studies are apparently necessary. 6. No effects on liver functions were detected. |
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