表观遗传药物在结直肠癌治疗中的研究进展

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,其患病率和病死率均呈逐年上升趋势,严重威胁人类健康。结直肠癌的表型演变经历了腺瘤-腺癌两个阶段,其发生、发展是一系列遗传学和表观遗传学事件积累的过程。有研究发现,表观遗传学改变在结直肠癌的启动和进展过程中发挥着更重要的作用。此外,由于表观遗传调控的异常改变通常发生于恶性肿瘤的早期阶段,因此可以作为早期诊断的分子标志物以提高诊断的准确性。近年来,表观遗传治疗除了在初治以及难治复发性骨髓增生异常综合征等恶性血液病患者的治疗中取得了显著的效果,在结直肠癌等恶性实体肿瘤的临床研究也在广泛开展中。

Advances on epigenetic drugs in the treatment of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year, which seriously threatens human health. The phenotypic evolution of colorectal cancer has gone through two stages(adenoma-adenocarcinoma), and its occurrence and development are the accumulation process of a series of genetic and epigenetic events. Studies have found that epigenetic changes play a more important role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. In addition, because abnormal changes in epigenetic regulation usually occur in the early stages of malignant tumors, they can be used as molecular markers for early diagnosis to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. In recent years, epigenetic therapy has achieved remarkable effects in the treatment of patients with malignant hematological diseases such as primary and refractory relapsed myelodysplastic syndromes, and clinical research in malignant solid tumors such as colorectal cancer is also widely explored.