深圳市售贝类铅的污染状况与健康风险评价

目的监测深圳市售贝类铅污染状况,评估贝类中的铅对人体健康的危害。方法 2015-2017年,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在深圳市水产批发市场采集市售贝类1 962份,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅的含量。采用单因子污染指数法对铅污染程度进行评价,用靶器官危害系数法评估贝类铅的人体健康风险。结果 1 962份贝类样品铅含量为0. 01~1. 83mg/kg,平均值为0. 17mg/kg,2份贝类铅含量超过国家标准限量值,超标率为0. 10%。不同贝类中铅含量中位数由高至低顺序为蛏子>青口>扇贝>牡蛎>花甲>沙白>带子>圆贝>鲍鱼。经Kruskal-Wallis非参数检验,不同类别贝类铅含量的分布差异有统计学意义(H=920. 558,P <0. 05)。贝类铅单因子污染指数显示,82. 93%贝类铅浓度属于正常范围,16. 72%属于铅轻度污染,0. 25%属于铅中度污染,0. 10%属于铅重度污染。贝类铅的THQ值<1. 0,贝类中铅对人体健康造成的影响不明显。结论深圳市售贝类铅污染较低,正常消费水平下,市售贝类铅暴露对居民人体健康风险较低。

Contents and health risk assessment of lead in consuming shellfish from Shenzhen markets

Objective To monitor the contents of lead in consuming shellfish sold in Shenzhen markets,assess the harm of lead in shellfish to human health. Methods From 2015 to 2017,1 962 pieces of shellfish were collected from Shenzhen aquatic products wholesale market by multi-stage stratified random sampling method. The lead contents in shellfish were detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry( ICP-MS). The contents of lead were evaluated by single factor index,and the Target Hazard Quotient( THQ) method was used to assess the possible health risks of the consuming shellfish.Results The lead content of 1 962 shellfish samples ranged from 0. 01 to 1. 83 mg/kg with an overall average of0. 17 mg/kg. The lead content of 2 parts of shellfish exceeded the limit value of national standard,and the exceeding rate was0. 10%. The median lead content in different shellfish from high to low order were razorclam > qingkou > scallop > oyster >undulating venus > shabai > king scallop > round shellfish > abalone. By Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test,the distribution difference of lead content in different categories of shellfish was statistically significant( H = 920. 558,P < 0. 05). The single factor index showed that 82. 93% of the shellfish samples belonged to pollution-free;and 16. 72% of the shellfish samples belonged to mild pollution 0. 25% belonged to moderately pollution,0. 10% belonged to severe pollution. The THQ for lead was below 1 suggesting no potential health risk. Conclusion The pollution of lead in consuming shellfish from Shenzhen markets is relatively low,and the risk of dietary lead exposure is low by shellfish intake existed in residents in Shenzhen.