康复干预对出血性脑动静脉畸形栓塞术后患者脑和肢体功能重建的效应

背景脑动静脉畸形出血对脑和肢体造成的功能损伤需要进行康复治疗以帮助其功能重建.目的探讨康复干预对出血性脑动静脉畸形栓塞术后患者脑和肢体功能重建的效应.设计病例分析.单位解放军总医院介入医学科.对象所纳入的对象为1996-01/2003-10解放军总医院治疗的经CT,MRI证实为出血性脑动静脉畸形患者共56例.方法56例脑出血患者经数字减影血管造影证实为脑动静脉畸形,应用α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯栓塞或结合放射外科治疗同时行康复干预治疗.康复治疗的方法电刺激治疗采用SJ-Ⅱ型神经肌肉治疗仪刺激患肢的屈肌、伸肌,刺激强度由弱渐强,开始时每天二次,酌情渐增至每天三四次.针灸治疗选择风池、风府、印堂、上星、百会、曲池、外关、合谷、环跳、足三里、阳陵泉、三阴交、太冲等穴位,合并失语者加廉泉、金津、玉液.1次/d,2周为1个疗程.肢体肌力＜Ⅰ级者行患肢各关节的被动活动,肌力Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者行床边坐位及站位平衡训练,肌力＞Ⅱ级者行步行训练等,活动度从小到大.伴有语言功能障碍者同时行语言功能训练.肌力评定参照Lovett的6级分级法.主要观察指标[1]患者栓塞程度变化.[2]患者语言流利程度、肢体的感觉及肢体肌力的变化.结果56例均纳入分析,无脱落病例.[1]栓塞程度变化56例患者中43例在1～3次栓塞后病灶完全消除,占77%,7例栓塞90%,占12%,6例栓塞60%～80%,占11%.[2]语言流利程度变化治疗前语言不同程度障碍者14例,治疗后语言流利程度改善者14例,其中明显改善者11例.[3]肢体的感觉变化治疗前肢体感觉障碍者23例,治疗后肢体感觉均有改善,其中明显改善者18例.[4]肢体肌力变化治疗前肢体肌力＜Ⅰ级3例,Ⅰ～Ⅱ级11例,＞Ⅱ级15例.治疗后肢体肌力0～Ⅰ级中2例恢复到Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,21例达到Ⅳ级,6例达Ⅴ级.结论经血管内栓塞是治疗出血性脑动静脉畸形的一种微创、安全、有效的方法,而栓塞后的康复治疗是脑神经功能的康复的必要手段.康复治疗对出血性脑动静脉畸形患者经血管内栓塞治疗后的运动功能、语言功能和日常生活活动能力具有良好的促进作用,可明显提高其生活质量.

Effect of rehabilitation intervention on reconstruction of brain and limb function of patients with hemorrhagic cerebral arteriovenous malformation after embolization

BACKGROUND: Functional injury of brain and limb induced by hemorrhage of cerebral arteriovenous malformation could be restored by rehabilitative treatment OBJECTIVE: To investigate the curative effect of rehabilitation on restoration of the functional injury of the brain and limbs induced by bleeding of hemorrhage cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) after embolization.DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Department of Interventional Medicine of General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: From January 1996 to December 2001, a total 56 patients who were diagaosed as cerebral hemorrhage or intraventricle hemorrhage by CT or MRI scanning was selected from General Hospital of Chinese PLA.METHODS: All 56 patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation were diagnosed by DSA. Rehabilitative treatment was performed with α-butyl cyanoac-rylate or radian surgery. Rehabilitative therapy were as follow: [1] Electric stimulate: S J-Ⅱ type nerve-muscle therapy instrument was used to stimulate the muscles (flexor and extensor) of limbs in the involved side, intensity of which is from weak to strong and frequency of which was from 2 to 3 or 4 per day; [2] Acupuncture: The selected points are:Fengchi, Fengfu, Yintang, Shangxing, Baihui, Quchi, Waiguan, Hegu,Huantiao, Zusanli, Yanglingquan, Sanyinjiao, Taichong, et al. In those who suffered aphasia, lianquan, Jinjin, Yuye were selected. Once a day and a period of treatment was 2 weeks; [3] physical training: the passive movement on the joint in the involved limbs were performed in grade 0 to 1 of muscle strength, the balance training of sitting on bed or standing beside the bed in grade 1 to 2, walking training in grade 2 to 3. The training intensity should be from weak to strong gradually. The items of observation were the improvement in speaking, sense and activity in limbs in the involved side. Evaluation of myodynamia was referenced to 6 grading method of Lovett.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] the degree of embolism; [2] the degree of speaking fluency, the sense of limbs and the strength of the muscles of the limbs.RESULTS: Totally 56 cases entered the final analysis without any loss. [1]Degree of embolism: Among 56 cases, 100% focus was eliminated for 77% in 43 cases, 90% was eliminated for 12% in 7 cases and 60%-80% was eliminated for 11% in 6 cases. [2] Fluency of language: Before the treatment of rehabilitation, they suffered different degree impediment of speaking in 14 cases, improvement in 14 cases and obvious improvement in 11 cases. [3] Sense of limb:The sense of limbs was improved in 23 cases and 18 of them improved obviously. [4] Strength of muscles: The strength of muscles in 0 to 1 grade in 3 cases, 1 to 2 grade in 11 cases, 2 to 3 grade in 15 cases. But after the treatment of rehabilitation, speaking ability was improved in 14 cases, and 11 of them improved obviously. The strength of muscles was. resumed to 2 or 3 grade from 0or 1 grade in 2 cases, and to 4 grade in 21 cases and 5 grade in 6 cases.CONCLUSION: Endovascular embolization is a minimal traumatic, the rehabilitative therapy which is secure and effective method for treatment of high risk cerebral AVM, can promote motion function, language function and ability of activity of daily living, and quality of life of patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation after embolism.