Generation and evaluation of the trivalent inactivated reassortant vaccine using human, avian, and swine influenza A viruses

Reassortant technology was used to obtain three interspecific reassortant influenza viruses using three influenza viruses of A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1), A/swine/Hebei/1/2005(H3N2) and A/chicken/Guangdong/126/2002(H9N2). The high-growth reassortant strains were H9/PR8, H3/H9N2 and H1/H9N2 that contained hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from the inactivated parental viruses and the other 6 internal genes from the live parental viruses. The trivalent formalin-inactivated vaccine, containing H1, H3 and H9 subtype antigens from human, swine and avian influenza viruses respectively, was prepared using these reassortant viruses. Animal studies showed that the vaccine was safe and immunogenic. Two-dosing regimen of the influenza vaccine induced high titers of hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies and influenza-specific IgG antibodies without antigenic cross-interference. It protected 100% chickens from challenge of A/chicken/Guangdong/126/2002 virus and protected 100% mice against challenges with different combinations of the three infective parental viruses. These results indicated that the trivalent vaccine could offer multi-protection against multi-influenza viruses synchronously. This kind of multivalent inactivated reassortant influenza vaccine maybe enlightens the pandemic influenza preparedness as the emergency measure.