Acute myocardial infarction in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Background

Recent clinical and post-mortem reports suggests that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may participate in the process of atherosclerosis independent of other coronary risk factors. In this prospective and observational study, we investigated whether an associative link exists between HIV infection and coronary artery disease.

Methods

Of 690 patients admitted to our hospital in a 3-year period, 29 patients (28 men and 1 woman) with a mean age of 46 ± 10 years had an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on the basis of acute prolonged chest pain, ischemic electrocardiogram abnormalities, and elevated serum markers of myocardial necrosis at presentation.

Results

ST-segment elevation MI was present in 15 patients, and non-ST-segment elevation MI was present in 14 patients. Twenty-two patients (76%) were <55 years; 17 of these patients had no or 1 coronary risk factor, and 5 patients had 2 or 3 risk factors. Five patients >55 years had 1 coronary risk factor, and 2 patients had 2 risk factors. Thirteen patients underwent a myocardial revascularization procedure, and 1 patient died during hospitalization.

Conclusions

HIV infection, as a cause of endothelial injury, may initiate the inflammatory process of early atherosclerosis and participate in the evolution of the atherothrombotic lesion responsible for AMI. This study suggests that the association of HIV infection and acute coronary syndrome may be more common than previously reported and underscores the need for further clinical studies.