兰州市部分中小学生意外伤害情况调查分析

目的探讨中小学生意外伤害的流行特征和中小学生意外伤害认知与行为特点，为开展意外伤害健康促进提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取甘肃省兰州市4所中小学共1680名学生进行最近1年意外伤害发生情况的调查，同时调查研究对象意外伤害相关知识掌握情况与安全行为习惯养成情况。结果意外伤害年发生率为28．41％，男生伤害发生率为35．82％，女生伤害发生率为19．70％，不同性别学生各类伤害构成比有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。小学生伤害发生率为23．70％，中学生伤害发生率为32．33％，有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。独生子女与非独生子女间伤害发生率比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。中小学生伤害的类型前4位分别是跌伤、碰撞伤、车辆伤和运动创伤，引起伤害的主要原因是学生之间互相嬉戏、追逐玩耍、体育运动中。意外伤害相关知识测试题满分为50分，平均得分为38．3分，男、女学生比较无统计学差异；中学生高于小学生，有统计学差异。结论中小学生伤害发生率较高，应针对其意外伤害认知与行为特点，有的放矢地开展健康促进工作，降低中小学生意外伤害的发生。

Investigation on accidental injuries of the students in several primary and secondary schools in Lanzhou

Objective To explore the prevalence of accidental injuries and the characteristics of primary and middle school students＇ cognition and behavior on accidental injuries, in order to provide a basis for health promotion. Methods Cluster sampling method was used to recruit a sample of 1680 students at 4 primary and secondary schools in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. Injuries in the past year, injury-related knowledge, and safe behavior formation were surveyed. Results Accidental injury rate was 28.41%, 35.82% for males and 19.70% for females （P 〈 0. 05）. The incidence of the primary school students was 23.70%, and 32. 33% for the secondary school students （P 〈0. 05 ）. There was no difference in accidental injuries between the students from single-child family and from non-single-child family （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. The four leading injury types were fall, collision, vehicle-related harm and sports injury. The major reasons for accidental injuries were play, chasing, and sports activities. The average score of related knowledge was 38. 3 points out of 50 with no difference between male and female students, higher among secondary school students than among primary school students. Conclusion The incidence of accidental injuries among primary and secondary school students was relatively high. Injury intervention for primary and secondary school students should focus on the characteristics of their cognition and behavior.