An amino acid mixture deficient in phenylalanine and tyrosine reduces cerebrospinal fluid catecholamine metabolites and alcohol consumption in vervet monkeys |
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Authors: | R M Palmour Frank R Ervin Glen B Baker Simon N Young |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1, CA;(2) Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, CA;(3) Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, CA;(4) School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, CA;(5) Behavioral Sciences Foundation, St. Kitts, KN;(6) Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, CA |
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Abstract: | An amino acid mixture devoid of tryptophan, given orally, was previously shown to reduce cerebrospinal fluid levels of tryptophan
and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in vervet monkeys, as compared to a control mixture containing all essential amino acids. In
the present study, we tested the possibility that a similar amino acid mixture containing tryptophan, but devoid of phenylalanine
and tyrosine (the amino acid precursors of catecholamine neurotransmitters), would influence dopamine and noradrenaline metabolism.
Five hours after the administration of this mixture to vervet monkeys, cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid and
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol were reduced by 27.4% and 26.9%, respectively. Both effects were statistically significant.
Plasma tyrosine (-30%) and the ratio of tyrosine to the sum of other large neutral amino acids (ΣLNAA) were also significantly
reduced. The behavioral efficacy of phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion was compared with that of tryptophan depletion in a primate
model of voluntary alcohol consumption. All three drinks lowered alcohol consumption, but the effects of the tryptophan-deficient
amino acid mixture were not different from those of the balanced amino acid control. The phenylalanine/tyrosine-deficient
drink differentially lowered alcohol consumption, consistent with other data in this species and elsewhere implicating dopamine
in the rewarding effects of alcohol.
Received: 14 January 1997 / Final version: 10 September 1997 |
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Keywords: | Tyrosine Dopamine Noradrenaline Cerebrospinal fluid Cercopithecus aethiops Alcohol |
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