重灾区护士灾害救援经历及10年重建心理体验的质性研究

目的 探索重灾区护士参与汶川地震救援的心理体验及灾后10年重建的感悟。方法 采用质性研究的方法，对参与汶川地震救援的24名护士进行半结构式访谈，用录音笔和笔记录访谈内容，并将访谈内容转录成文字，通过提取有意义单元，浓缩意义单元，编码、分类，提取主题对访谈内容进行分析。结果 通过访谈得出了3个主题：（1）目睹突发性灾害时的“惊慌失措、恐惧不安”；（2）亲历救援现场的“黑暗无助、不断抗争”；（3）回首10年重建后的“自强乐观、活在当下”。结论 重灾区护士的救援经历是宝贵的，从目睹灾害发生到参与救援，再到10年重建，他们经历了较为复杂的心理体验过程。应加强对重灾区救援护士的心理的关注，同时也要关注他们所面临的伦理问题。应积极为重灾区救援护士构建良好的社会支持系统，使其保持良好的心理韧性水平和心理健康。

Relief experience of nurses in hard-hit disaster areas and their perception of psychological reconstruction after 10 years: a qualitative study

  Objective  To explore the psychological experience of nurses participating in the rescue of Wenchuan earthquake and their perception of reconstruction in the 10 years after the disaster.  Methods  A qualitative research method was used to conduct a semi-structured interview with 24 nurses participating in the Wenchuan earthquake rescue. The interview content was recorded with a recorder and notes. The interview content was transcribed into words and analyzed by extracting meaningful units, condensing meaningful units, coding, classification, and extracting topics.  Results  Three themes were obtained from the interview, including: (1) panic and fear when witnessing sudden disasters; (2) experienced the "darkness, helplessness and constant struggle" at the rescue site; and (3) looking back on the "self-improvement, optimism and living in the present" after 10 years of reconstruction.  Conclusions  The rescue experience of nurses in the hardest hit areas was valuable. From witnessing the disaster to participating in the rescue, and then to 10 years of reconstruction, they experienced a relatively complex psychological experience process. We should pay more attention to the psychology of these nurses participating in rescue in the hardest hit areas, and also pay attention to the ethical problems they faced. We should actively build a good social support system for these nurses to maintain a good level of psychological resilience and mental health.