湘西州7~15岁土家族学生皮褶厚度及体成分分析*

目的：了解湘西州7~15 岁土家族学生皮褶厚度及体成分发育规律。方法：分层整群随机抽取湘西州7~15 岁土家族学生1 472 名（ 男生800 名，女生672 名），测量身高、体质量和肱三头肌、肩胛下、腹部的皮褶厚度。 根据长岭和Brozek 公式估算体成分。结果：随着年龄的增长，土家族男生皮褶厚度在7~8 岁、9~11 岁、女生在 13~15 岁增长较为明显；多数年龄组皮褶厚度均值女生大于男生，7 岁、10 岁和13~15 岁等年龄组差异有统计学 意义。体脂率、脂肪质量及其指数均值女生高于男生，在7 岁、9 岁、13~15 岁等年龄组差异具有统计学意义。男 女生瘦体质量及其指数年龄变化曲线逐渐上升并出现2 次交叉，在12 岁交叉后比较差异有统计学意义。除男生体 脂率外，3 项皮褶与体成分各指标均与年龄呈正相关。与12 个族群比较，土家族男生肱三头肌皮褶厚度与重庆汉 族和云南摩梭人、肩胛下皮褶厚度与重庆汉族和内蒙达斡尔族较为接近；而女生肱三头肌皮褶厚度与内蒙古达斡 尔族和广东瑶族、肩胛下皮褶厚度与潍坊汉族和广东瑶族较为接近。结论：湘西州土家族学生皮褶和体成分发育 符合儿童少年生长发育一般规律，并存在性别、年龄差异，体脂含量低于新疆维吾尔族等其他族群学生。

Analysis of skin fold thickness and body composition of Tujia nationality students aged 7 to 15 in Xiangxi prefecture*

Objective To investigate the skin fold thickness and body composition of Tujia nationality students aged 7 to 15 in Xiangxi prefecture. Methods Totally 1 472 Tujia students（ 800 males and 672 females） aged from 7 to 15 years old in Xiangxi prefecture were randomly selected by the stratified cluster method. Height， weight and skin fold thickness of triceps， subscapularis and abdomen were measured. The body composition was estimated according to Changling and Brozek formulas. Results With the increase of age， the skin-fold thickness of Tujia boys increased obviously from 7 to 8 years old， from 9 to 11 years old in male students and from 13 to 15 years old in female students. In most age groups， the average skin fold thickness of female students was higher than that of male students， and the difference was statistically significant in 7， 10 and 13-15 year-old groups. The average body fat percentage， fat mass and index of female students were higher than those of male students， and the differences were statistically significant in 7， 9 and 13-15 years old groups. The lean body mass and its index age change curve of male and female students gradually increased and showed two crossover times， and the difference was statistically significant after 12 years of crossover. Except the percentage of body fat in boys， the three skin folds and body composition were positively correlated with age. Compared with the 12 ethnic groups， the triceps skin fold thickness of Tujia boys was close to that of Chongqing Han and Yunnan Mosuo， and the subscapular skin fold thickness was close to that of Chongqing Han and Inner Mongolia Daur. The skin fold thickness of girls’ triceps was close to that of Daur nationality in Inner Mongolia and Yao nationality in Guangdong， and that of subscapular skin fold was close to that of Han nationality in Weifang and Yao nationality in Guangdong. Conclusion The development of skin fold and body composition of Tujia students in Xiangxi prefecture conforms to the general rules of growth and development of children and adolescents， and there are gender and age differences. The body fat content of Tujia students in Xiangxi prefecture is lower than thatof students from other ethnic groups such as Xinjiang Uygur .